Abstract

PANIZZOLO, Cláudia. The children’s daily life in the both sides of the Atlantic ocean: considerations about childhood between the end of the 19th century and the early 20th century. Conjectura: filos. e Educ. [online]. 2020, vol.25, e020045. ISSN 2178-4612.  https://doi.org/10.18226/21784612.v25.e020045.

Objective conditions favored migration, determined and often accompanied by a very complex set of transformations taking place in Europe. The children made up a social group that, alone, accompanied by adults or together with their parents, left the Italic peninsula, most of the time, in an atmosphere of hunger and misery. The purpose of this text is to investigate the daily life of Italian children marked by the work, principally, from the least favored strata, from before departure to arrival in São Paulo, between the final decades of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Taking Childhood History as the history of society, of culture, of adults in relation to the child, we sought to investigate childhood from the historical and social context, even though there are permanences over time and in different places regarding the guarantee of rights and protection. The sources studied point out that over the years, at least part of the Italian children or Italian descendants children started to attend school, which may indicate a later or less early entry into the world of work, or that, for many children time has been taken up simultaneously by school and work activities. The history of Italian immigrant children is similar to the history of children born in Brazil, a history marked by deprivation, abandonment, hunger and exploitation of child labor.

Keywords : Children; Childhood; Child immigration; Child labor.

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