Abstract

MAIA, Rafaela Oliveira da Silva; CHAVES, Hamilton Viana  and  MAIA FILHO, Osterne Nonato. The relation between Biology and Culture in teacher training manuals from 1900 to 1940. Cad. Hist. Educ. [online]. 2024, vol.23, e2024-61.  Epub Mar 17, 2025. ISSN 1982-7806.  https://doi.org/10.14393/che-v23-e2024-61.

A tension between biology and culture in human development was the theme that permeated psychology and education. At the beginning of the 20th century, this discussion was prominently present in teacher training manuals. This article aims to analyze the tension between biology and culture in Brazilian education through a documentary analysis of teacher training manuals used in the first four decades of the 20th century. The historical analysis fulfills not only the objective of recovering memory and describing the context and spirit of a time, but also allows us to see the implications of an era for the events that unfolded. Largely based on biological and hygienist aspects, Brazilian education took its first steps towards scientific way. The debate in education can’t be distanced from the economic, political and cultural demands of an era.

Keywords : Biology and culture; New School; Manuals.

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