Resumo

DEMARTINI, Zeila de Brito Fabri; TENCA, Sueli Cotrim  e  TENCA, Álvaro. Os alunos e o ensino na República Velha através das memórias de velhos professores. Cad. Pesqui. [online]. 1985, n.52, pp.61-72. ISSN 0100-1574.

This article is based on an investigation developed with rural school teachers that taught in the State of São Paulo before 1930. Through the memories of these teachers the researchers tried to obtain information about registration, frequency to school, students' performance and teachers' activity. The objective of this study was to contribute,through an historical perspective, to the understanding of the present schooling situation of the lower S.E.S. sectors in Brazil. What these teachers say, sometimes, contradicts current ideas about the problems studied. The data collected reinforce the conception that: 1) the rural population, at that time, wanted and valued the school; 2) problems of school absenteism are historically associated to work conditions of the lower classes; 3) even working alone, teachers got good results regarding the students' performance. The life histories collected allowed for an understanding of the relationships among: teachers' dedication to the students; evaluation process, not done by the teacher; teacher's carreer, depending on their success at work. Besides that, it was possible to understand the presence of the State which, without mechanisms of direct action, effectively controlled the teachers' activities through the results of their work.

Palavras-chave : Memória; Rendimento escolar; Zona rural; Freqüência; Matrícula.

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