Resumo

ROAZZI, Antonio. Pesquisa e contexto: métodos de investigação e diferenças sócio-culturais em questão. Cad. Pesqui. [online]. 1987, n.62, pp.35-44. ISSN 0100-1574.

In the light of recent debate (Patto, 1984; Freitag, 1985; Camargo, 1986; Carraher, Carraher & Schliemann, 1986) about dissidence between various authours in cognitive development, this article offers subsidies for this discussion. Attention is focused in the variable experimental context and its importance in research practice. Social contextis supposed socially defined, consequently it is proposed, first of all, that research in psychology must consider both the social environment of the subjects studies and the meaning of the experimental context as a consequence of this environment. Secondly, it is suggested that in analysing psychological processes, especially of different groups with varied surroundings, the researcher in designing his experiments ought to pay more attention, through observations, to the environmental factors which underlie the different sets of people rather than concentrating only on the abilities of only one particular cultural setting, because it is from these factors that the stimulus and also the response which maintain behavior are derived. In order to give an explanation of the way in which individuals function in their own particular setting, we have to devote as much attention to the setting as we normally do to the individual himself. This implies the necessity in psychology to test theories both through observational methods (in order to reach a more exact understanding of the social milieu and comprehension of the situation for the specific.

Palavras-chave : Desenvolvimento cognitivo; Pesquisa; Desigualdades sociais; Psicologia; Meio social.

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