Resumo

PLAISANCE, Eric. Social representations of handicap in the west: history and current situation. Perspectiva [online]. 2006, vol.24, n.03, pp.223-250. ISSN 0102-5473.

Changes in denomination for the concept of handicap confirm ambivalence about its social representation that have suffered considerable historic variations as a function of culture. The concept of handicap is thus located in the articulation of the real and of its representation in a web of relations and inter-relations in which biological, psychological and social factors intervene. Historically, it is found that the biological register (normal pathological) was overcome by the social register (suitab1e or not for integration). In parallel, the former ethnic-religious (good-bad) register became a medical register (sane-ill. Are there current changes in the registrations? The classifications of the World Health Organization first distinguished in 1980 deficiency, incapacity and handicap (m the sense of disadvantage). Then in 2001 it gave emphasis to the complete functioning of the person in interaction with the environment. Rut it is the question of integration in the common realms of life (school environment) that stirs the greatest debate. Given the ambiguity of the word integration, some authors call for a cultural break in favor of inclusion. In this sense, they are led to criticize certain aspects of a new French law from 2005 concerning people with special needs.

Palavras-chave : Special Education; Social Representations; Social Inclusion; Handicap.

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