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VAGO, Tarcísio Mauro. Cultura escolar, cultivo de corpos: Educação Physica e Gymnastica como práticas constitutivas dos corpos de crianças no ensino público primário de Belo Horizonte (1906 - 1920). Educ. Rev. [online]. 2000, n.16, pp.121-135. ISSN 0104-4060.

In this work we studied the process involved in the establishment of a new school culture in Belo Horizonte during the first two decades of the 20th century, especially after the launching of the reform of elementary school by the government of Minas Gerais state in 1906. This reform was undertaken waiting for children’s habit revolution, especially those from poor populations wich would lead, at the same time, to the destruction of their original habits and to the establishment of “civilized habits”. The main idea was based on the premisse that instructing children is more important than educating them. Education has also been translated as “body cultivation”: many approaches were used to perform the desired “physical education” of the children, which were reflected in the teaching laws; in the way of organizing and using the rooms; in the distribution of school times; in the different subjects of teaching programs; in the implementation of strict hygiene habits; in medical inspection; in the school rituals; in the introduction of work practices and in the care dedicated to the children by principals and teachers. By analysing the establishment of the “Gymnastic” in the school, based on laws from that period and reports made by school agents, this study searched for evidence of the implementation of this subject field. The present work indicates that teaching was represented and orientated in order to correct and work on the constitution of children’s bodies, which was considered to be deformed and disarrayed. Despite the impasses and precarities of this process, it is still relevant to demonstrate the importance of an investiment made at a period of time focused on children’s bodies at school.

Palavras-chave : School Culture; Body; Physical Education.

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