Resumen

MARTINS, Estevão de Rezende. Historical processes, learning and education of a "second human nature". Educ. Rev. [online]. 2016, n.60, pp.73-91. ISSN 1984-0411.  https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-4060.46006.

Historical processes is a current expression in historiography. Historiography is a product that stems from a methodical process that identifies historical questions, plans its research and builds its explanation upon argumentative statements. In education, historiography as a product participates as a component in the processes of one's cultural education. The historical culture of every social group promotes a historicizing reflection about itself and its origin and about the practice of its transmission among its members in both the vertical (past-future) and horizontal (present) dimensions as well. The horizontal dimension is the platform of mediation between continuity and change in the individual and collective memory. For all and any agent, historical culture is necessarily a given situation, under whose influence he acts (along a gradual acquisition of historical awareness by initial mimicry and then by critical distance). Admitted a "first human nature" characterized by discursive and propositional rationality, the educational process that uses historiography as a source can be seen as a builder of a "second nature", introduced and developed in the temporal dimension of the existence of rational human agents - along the educational process in their present socio-cultural environment, in which habits and convictions are established. In the Western historical tradition, from Cicero onwards, the inertial mimicry of the culture in which one is brought up is emphasized as a 'second nature'. Certainly such a "nature" is not considered anymore as an ontological determination, but as a historic one, acquired and modifiable. Modern history shows how the methodical analysis of historical processes since the Enlightenment allows us to understand and explain the reality of acquirable historical education and awareness in the social and cultural milieus of the agents.

Palabras clave : historical culture; historical learning; historiography; second nature.

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