Resumo

AUSTIN, Robert. Elites, pobladores y educación superior en Chile, 1842-1952. Avaliação (Campinas) [online]. 1999, vol.04, n.02, suppl.01, pp.07-19. ISSN 1414-4077.

Higher education in Chile preceded the formation of the Republic in 1810. The colonial administration had established the Universidad de San Felipe in 1738 and this became the Universidad de Chile a century later, confirming the importance of higher education in the construction of the modern state. Traditional accounts have privileged the historic central role of intellectuals in national politics, constructing intellectuals as an institutional and patriarchal category. This essay explores the contributions of the women's and feminist movements, understood as separate but paralled phenomena in the struggle for a democracy attuned to the issue of gender. The themes explored include: the relation between higher education and state formation; the foundation and development of Church and State systems of higher education; the role of positivism and anticlericalism; the normal schools and the construction of a popular feminine identity; and the Socialist Republic of 1932 in the context of the student movement of the decade of the 1930s. It also evaluates the interaction between organic intellectuals from the popular sectors and institutional intellectuals; marginalization of indigenous intellectuals from the State and Catholic systems; and intellectuals in public life. The period under discussion begins with the establishment of a university for the elite, incorporates a second university of Catholic orientation, and concludes with the constitution of a popular State university.

Palavras-chave : Higher Education; State; Church; Gender; Class; Popular; Struggle; Indigenous; Feminist; Postcolonial; Neocolonial; Military; Creole.

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