Abstract

GOTTSCHALK, Cristiane Maria Cornelia. O papel do método no ensino: da maiêutica socrática à terapia wittgensteiniana. ETD [online]. 2010, vol.12, n.01, pp.64-81. ISSN 1676-2592.

This text has the purpose of pointing out some of the confusions originated in the belief of teachers, regarding the existence of extralinguistic meanings to be discovered or constructed by the students through the application of a method. Inspired by the reflections of Wittgenstein about the constitutive function of language in the construction of meanings, I propose another view of the role of method in the process of learning: not as a procedure that leads the student to previous truths; such as the Socratic maieutics, present in some manner in our theories of teaching and learning, but as a means of presentation of our linguistic conventions. This change of perspective was possible based on Wittgenstein’s criticism of the demand for conceptual exactitude (already present in the Platonic dialogues) as a condition for the construction of true knowledge, suggesting in its place a new philosophical attitude, with implications to school teaching. His reflection about two main uses of our linguistic expressions (one normative, and the other descriptive) presupposes different forms of conveying content: sometimes as instruction of rules, sometimes as an activity that involves justification, questioning and empirical experimentation.

Keywords : Methods of Teaching; Socratic Maieutics; Language-Game; Wittgenstein.

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