Resumen

PFEIFFER, Dietmar; PRESTES, Emília Maria da Trindade  y  SANTOS, José Lucas Batista dos. EXPANSION AND EVASION: the ambivalences of higher education in Brazil. Revista Teias [online]. 2023, vol.24, n.75, pp.200-213.  Epub 26-Dic-2023. ISSN 1982-0305.  https://doi.org/10.12957/teias.2023.66090.

In modern societies, education plays a strategic role, both for economic, cultural, and social development, and in the construction of individual identities and their chances in life. higher education is, in today's societies, the main responsible for the personal and professional training of individuals for scientifictechnological development, whose expansion has become a global phenomenon that encompasses all countries in the world. Brazil, in recent decades, driven by an expansionist educational policy, has shown an extraordinary growth in enrollments and institutions driven, above all, by the private sector. However, a strong increase in dropout rates was observed in all sectors of higher education. Faced with this situation, the present study aimed to analyze, adopting the methodological procedures of research of a quantitative nature, the relationship between university expansion and dropout in Brazil until the year 2019, as well as to develop hypotheses regarding the underlying causes of this phenomenon. A survey was carried out, per year, of the census records of evasion existing in the INEP/MEC database, in the period 2000-2020, later aggregated at the level of the higher education’s system to analyze the behavior of evasion in this system. The SPSS software was used which, in synchrony with the studies and calculations provided by INEP itself, allowed, through a dynamic longitudinal model, the statistical analyzes observing the variables and indicators referring to admission, conclusion and abandonment per year, differentiating them in the public and private sector. As hypotheses, it is attributed that the unpreparedness of the students to follow the classes; lack of identification with the course or misinformation in choosing a professional career; the lack of financial conditions or the insecurity of getting a job at the end of the course, contribute to causing evasion. That there will always be young people who do not yet know their own vocation; who enter college due to pressure from family and friends or due to lack of alternatives; who have an image of the contents and requirements of a course that is out of reality or that is not considered attractive for the job market. It is concluded that the challenge of reversing the trend of declining productivity concomitantly with the increase in the dropout rate continues to be an absolute priority for all actors and stakeholders in the coming years.

Palabras clave : higher education; expansion; drop-out; longitudinal dynamic model..

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