Abstract

CRUZ, Crislaine Santana  and  BRETAS, Silvana Aparecida. The method of equality: Jacotot and the experience of universal teaching method in the context of French Revolution. Cad. Hist. Educ. [online]. 2021, vol.20, e022.  Epub Jan 29, 2022. ISSN 1982-7806.  https://doi.org/10.14393/che-v20-2021-22.

This paper aims to present life and work of the founder of Universal Teaching Method, Joseph Jacotot (1770 - 1840), as well as to analyze the historical and philosophical aspects of his educative method in order to present a preliminary comprehension about his ideas concerning early years education in XIX century, when the pedagogical thinking that originated modern education had consolidated. The Universal Teaching Method, also known as intellectual emancipation method, is based on the following principles: 1) all man have equal intelligence; 2) every man has received from God the ability to instruct himself; 3) we can teach what we don’t know; 4) everything is in everything. This method, which objected the pedagogical thinking of that period, considered that all intelligences are equal and no equality among men will be reached - as the French Revolution intended - with the establishments of teaching institutions and formation of tutors, but only by providing every man the power of recognizing their own intellectual capacity. The theoretical framework of this research is the historical and dialectical materialism method.

Keywords : French Revolution; Universal Teaching; Equality; Pedagogical Thinking.

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