Resumo

REZENDE JUNIOR, José de. The problem of experience in the dispute on the scientific method: Dilthey, Windelband and Rickert. Conjectura: filos. e Educ. [online]. 2017, vol.22, n.1, pp.136-160. ISSN 2178-4612.  https://doi.org/10.18226/2178461222109.

In the XIX century with the emergence of human sciences develops in philosophy a dispute over the scientific method. In general terms this dispute was about whether the scientific method was universal, applying equally to natural and human phenomena, or whether each type of phenomenon required a special kind of method. In this paper this dispute in limited to the discussion between Dilthey and the Baden school of neo-kantianism. Although relatively well documented, the reasons and grounds of this discussion remain unclear and poorly studied. Trying to throw some light upon this assumptions, this paper takes as research strategy the analysis of the conceptions of experience of each thinker. In this way it seeks to show that much of the criticism and misunderstandings of both sides can be explained by the differences between the conceptions of experience assumed by each one. On the one hand the neo-kanians conceive experience as something passive, and the scientific method as something that organizes experience through the direction assumed in the research. On the other hand Dilthey oscillates ambiguously between an ontological position, which tries to determine scientific method by means of different types of experience, and a formal neo-kantian conception, in which the experience is distinguished in types by the methodological orientation adopted in scientific research. Finally, in addition to expose the nowaday importance of neo-kantian methodological critique, this paper seeks to show that the ambiguity of Dilthey's thought is not a limitation, but it reflects the difficulties of a new way of thinking that will have decisive influences in contemporary philosophy, beyond discussions about scientific methodology.

Palavras-chave : Scientific method; Experience; Neo-kantianism; Dilthey.

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