Resumo

BRAGA MORUZZI, Andrea. Childhood as apparatus: a foucauldian approach to thinking about education. Conjectura: filos. e Educ. [online]. 2017, vol.22, n.2, pp.279-299. ISSN 2178-4612.  https://doi.org/10.18226/21784612.v22.n2.04.

This article defends the idea that childhood is a historical apparatus of power. Foucault (1977) is used as an analytical reference, given the notion of apparatus in his exploration of sexuality. The engendered reflection presents the idea that from the moment that children become one of the strategic groups of sexuality apparatus, a heterogeneous set of truths and practices is imposed on them, configuring a way of being a child and having a childhood, significantly influencing on modern pedagogical perspectives. On this approach, it is not possible to think about childhood dissociated from the concept of sexuality. The presented discussion is based on a conceptual bibliographic research that articulates about Sexuality and Apparatus in order to converge with the idea of childhood. It has been observed that Foucault's apparatus concept is not broadly detailed, and therefore this article also dialogues with the ideas of Deleuze (1999), Agamben (2005) and Veyne (2009). It is considered that all apparatuses have: visibility and enunciation lines that are, respectively, machines for making one see and making one speak; force lines that sustain visibility fields and enunciability regimes; and subjectification lines that are, according to Deleuze (1999), the dimension of the "self", and that configure the child-subject. Three groups of practices that are connected with the characteristics of these apparatus are going to be presented: pedagogical practices, gender and sexuality division and identity practices, and medical practices. In Foucault's theory, the sexuality apparatus disciplines the bodies, regulates and normalizes the population, regulates pleasure and knowledge about sex, and also concerns itself with preserving the human species through this regime on sex. Childhood as apparatus, in the perspective presented by this article, also regulates the child, making her a child-subject, establishing a form of pedagogy and science that composed modern pedagogical thinking on and for childhood, concerning also the preservation and conservation of this other species, the child.

Palavras-chave : Childhood; Education; Foucault; Apparatus..

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