Abstract

KRAEMER, Celso; OECHSLER, Fabio Richard  and  TORMENA, Carolaine. Heideggerian criticisms to the categorization of being in greek Vorhandenheit and cartesian rationalism: possible relationships with education. Conjectura: filos. e Educ. [online]. 2023, vol.28, e023013. ISSN 2178-4612.  https://doi.org/10.18226/21784612.v28.e023013.

This research analyzes Heidegger‘s motivations to question the meaning of being, according to his project in Being and Time, published in 1927, in which he analyzes traditional metaphysics and comes to the conclusion that the history of philosophy stopped to reflect only on beings, forgetting being. In §6 of Being and Time, Heidegger takes on the task of destroying the history of ontology. For this reason, he profoundly criticizes the categorization of being in the Greek Vorhandenheit – in Plato and Aristotle – and dismantles the rationalism of René Descartes. For the Greeks, being consisted of a previously established essence, and was characterized by universality, infinity and immutability. In Descartes, with the elaboration of res cogitans and res extensa. Dasein was subjected and the duality between subject and object was fortified. Heidegger, in turn, aimed at the development of a philosophy that would disarticulate the metaphysics proposed by tradition (including the rationalist current), and alluded that Dasein, that is, the human being, due to its ontological character, does not have a previous essence. – is an existential entity – and is not a dual subject – because it is a being-in-the-world. Therefore, in human nature, there are no elements that characterize the being of the human being before its existence itself, because it is only in existence and in the horizons of temporality that Dasein is constituted and perceived as an entity open to mundane possibilities. The Heideggerian philosophy, in this sense, can be related to education, since the different types of knowledge are collectively constructed, in the being-with relationship (mitsein). Based on Heidegger‘s ontology, education is a tool that enables the student‘s being to be directed towards existential authenticity.

Keywords : Sense of being; Traditional metaphysics; Vorhandenheit; Cartesian rationalism; Ontology of education.

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