Abstract

RAMOS, Daniel Rodrigues. The primacy of the giving of facts: around the problem of apriorism in Max Scheler. Conjectura: filos. e Educ. [online]. 2023, vol.28, e023024. ISSN 2178-4612.  https://doi.org/10.18226/21784612.v28.e023024.

The discussion revolves around the thesis that "in no case does apriorism lead to idealism," taken as a fulcrum around which two moves are made. In the first, reasons are made explicit for thinking the sense of apriorism from the immanence of phenomenological experience, relating the problem discussed to the eidetic and immediate intuition of the data of knowledge. Consequently, the first meaning of a priori is determined from the eidetic correlation between what is given in an absolute and evident way, in the sphere of facts, and the intuitive vision. With this, the meaning of the material character of the self-giving of facts is made explicit, without naively identifying materiality with the mere sensible content of empirical observations. In the second movement, starting from the indication of the meaning and essence of knowledge as (loving) taking part in the object of knowledge, the meaning of apriority in the sciences is discussed, tracing the emergence of formalism back to a certain modality of reduction that artificially constructs the object. In this procedure, the prejudice against the sensitive would operate by lowering it to data deprived of original forms, justifying the need to mold them by means of forms exclusive to the understanding. Thus, Scheler's intention to remove the problem of apriorism from the hermeneutical horizon of modernity is evident, because its tendency, rooted in the "hatred of the world" and hostility to the "chaos" of the sensible, consists in functionalizing the forms of thought and intuition of the spirit by admitting them as a forming activity and synthetic force typical of reason.

Keywords : Apriorism; Eidetic intuition; Phenomenological experience; Material a priori.

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