Abstract

ALVES, Francisco Regis Vieira. About the (Ph.D.) (Philosophiae Doctor): The ‘Viva Voce’ and Variants of the Academic Doctorate in a National and International Context. Rev. Int. Educ. Super. [online]. 2023, vol.9, e023016.  Epub Dec 26, 2024. ISSN 2446-9424.  https://doi.org/10.20396/riesup.v9i0.8668327.

The term “Ph.D.” (Philosophiae Doctor) is substantiated by a historical-evolutionary meaning and sense, insofar as it examines some emblematic aspects of the History of Universities. In these terms, an understanding of its non-static bias can be acquired, for example, when we consider certain social rituals incorporated, over centuries, by the university. Thus, in the present work, a secular notion or tradition incorporated by medieval universities called "Viva voce" (soutenance de these) is discussed, which, in a prosaic way, involved an oral assessment of candidates (or university professors) at the time of presentation of a “dissertation” or “thesis”. Thus, in the course of an appreciation of his evolutionary process of the notion of “Ph.D.” (Philosophiae Doctor), there was a shift in emphasis on teaching and that, during the 19th and 20th centuries, there was a greater emphasis on research, according to a modern university paradigm. Furthermore, it is possible to identify, more recently, a discussion around the notion of a professional doctorate, which constitutes a new variant of the academic doctorate. Finally, given a recent scenario of the experience of professional doctorates in the area of EDUCATION - 46 in Brazil, the work marks a current and necessary discussion about the role of "Viva voce" that cannot appear as an indefectible ritual for both academic doctorates, as well as for the case of professional doctorates in recent evolution.

Keywords : Philosophiae Doctor; Viva voce; Doctoral variants; Professional doctorate; Teaching area.

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