<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0102-5473</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Perspectiva]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Perspectiva]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0102-5473</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0102-54732005000100003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Crianças: educação, culturas e cidadania activa. Refletindo em torno de uma proposta de trabalho]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Children: education, cultures and active citizenship]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Les enfants: l’éducation, cultures et la citoyenneté active]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarmento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel Jacinto]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade do Minho  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>01</numero>
<fpage>17</fpage>
<lpage>40</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0102-54732005000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0102-54732005000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0102-54732005000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[O presente texto analisa a necessidade social que emerge do facto de as crianças constituírem contemporaneamente não já apenas o motivo do cuidado e da preocupação dos adultos, mas de assumirem, a vários títulos, a centralidade da atenção colectiva, por efeito das importantes transformações demográficas que se verificam, bem como pelas mudanças que ocorrem no contexto mundial nas instituições tradicionalmente associadas aos mundos de vida das crianças: a família e a escola. Produzido na motivação de respaldar um projeto cuja intenção é “o conhecimento sobre o que se conhece sobre as crianças” e também sobre os discursos políticos e legais em que a criança é alvo das atenções, espera-se que o desenvolvimento do projecto permita reconfigurar ideias, representações e evidências sobre as crianças e a infância portuguesas e brasileiras, bem como fundamentar propostas para o funcionamento das organizações educativas, para a consolidação das políticas de educação e atendimento de crianças e para a promoção da cidadania activa.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The present text analyzes some social needs related to the fact that nowadays children are the main reason for adult’s care and concern, but also the centre of collective attention. This fact results from late important demographic transformations, as well as from the significant changes occurred in the institutions traditionally associated to children’s life, family and school. This article was written to back a project concerned to reach “the knowledge about what is known about children” and also to discuss the political and legal speeches that focus on children. It is expected that the development of the project may produce new ideas, representations and evidences about children and childhood, so much in Portugal as in Brazil. It is expected as well that it provides the basis for proposals on the running and management of the educational organizations and for the consolidation of educational policies, for the care of children and for the improvement of an active citizenship.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[Le présent article analyse la nature du besoin social qui émerge du fait de que, actuellement, les enfants sont la raison du soin et de l’inquietude des adultes, mais qu’ils constituent encore, à plusieurs titres, le centre de l’attention collective. Cette situation est dûe aux importantes transformations démographiques vérifiées, autant qu’aux changements, par rapport à la mondialisation, qui se passent dans les institutions traditionnellement associées aux mondes de la vie des enfants, la famille et l’école. Cet article fut écrit pour renforcer un projet dont l’intention est atteindre à “la connaissance de ce qui se connaît sur les enfants” et aussi l’état du discours politique et légale où l’enfant est le centre des attentions. On souhaite que le développement de ce projet configure de nouvelles idées et représentations, tant que révèle des évidences sur les enfants et l’enfance du Portugal et du Brésil. Egalement, on souligne quelques propositions pour l’organisation et la gestion des institutions pédagogiques, tant que pour la promotion d’une citoyenneté active et la consolidation des politiques pour l’éducation et l’assistance aux enfants.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Crianças]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Aspectos Sociais]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Desenvolvimento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Formação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Educação de Crianças]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Children]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Social Aspects]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Development]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Formation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Children Education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Enfance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Aspects Sociales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Développment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Formation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Éducation de L' Enfance]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> <h2>Crian&ccedil;as: educa&ccedil;&atilde;o, culturas  e cidadania activa. Refletindo em torno de uma proposta de trabalho.</h2> <h3>Children: education, cultures and active citizenship.</h3> <h3>Les enfants: l&rsquo;&eacute;ducation, cultures et la citoyennet&eacute; active.</h3>     <p>&nbsp;</p> <h4>Manuel Jacinto Sarmento    <br> </h4> </font>      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ARIÈS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Philippe]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[La infância]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Educación]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<numero>281</numero>
<issue>281</issue>
<page-range>5-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BALL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stephen]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VAN-ZANTEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Agnés]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Logiques de marché et éthiques contextualisées dans les systèmes scolaires français et britannique]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Education et Sociétés]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>47-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RAMIREZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BOLI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The political construction of mass schooling: european origins and worldwide institutionalization]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sociology of Education]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<page-range>2-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WHITTYE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Geoff]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Autonomia da escola e escolha parental: direitos do consumidor versus direitos do cidadão na política educativa contemporânea]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educação, Sociedade e Culturas]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>117-141</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
