<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1981-5271</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Bras. Educ. Med.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1981-5271</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Associação Brasileira de Educação Médica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1981-52712019000100175</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/1981-52712015v43n1RB20180165</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[O Problema da Consciência: por Onde Começar o Estudo?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Problem of Consciousness: Where to Start Studying?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klem de Mattos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marselle Soares S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriel Pereira da]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Renato Faria da]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Campos dos Goytacazes Rio de Janeiro]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Federal Fluminense  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Campos dos Goytacazes Rio de Janeiro]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Campos dos Goytacazes  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Campos dos Goytacazes Rio de Janeiro]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>175</fpage>
<lpage>180</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1981-52712019000100175&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1981-52712019000100175&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1981-52712019000100175&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO O estudo do sistema nervoso e suas fun&#231;&#245;es &#233; fascinante e complexo. Um dos mais intrigantes assuntos deste campo &#233; como a neurobiologia produz estados conscientes, o not&#243;rio problema da consci&#234;ncia (c&#233;rebro e mente). Para esse estudo, s&#227;o necess&#225;rios conhecimentos tanto de neuroanatomia e fisiologia como de quest&#245;es lingu&#237;sticas e filos&#243;ficas, o que torna o assunto temido ou ignorado pelos estudantes de Medicina. Assim, aquele que vai iniciar o estudo desse cap&#237;tulo da neuroci&#234;ncia se depara com um questionamento: por onde come&#231;ar? A quantidade de informa&#231;&#227;o &#233; muito grande, e o ponto de partida, em geral, pode ser a biologia, a psicologia ou a filosofia. Portanto, este ensaio tem como objetivo sugerir um caminho, entre v&#225;rios poss&#237;veis, para nortear aqueles que desejam informa&#231;&#245;es preliminares sobre o tema. Isto porque alguns estudantes t&#234;m dificuldade com o assunto por n&#227;o dominarem alguns conceitos fundamentais ou desconhecerem as teorias defendidas, fixando-se apenas na vertente biol&#243;gica do assunto. Desta maneira, na introdu&#231;&#227;o deste manuscrito s&#227;o apresentadas tr&#234;s possibilidades conceituais para a palavra consci&#234;ncia e alguns problemas de limita&#231;&#227;o do idioma. Na sequ&#234;ncia, a neurobiologia &#233; abordada de forma sucinta, com &#234;nfase na atividade eletroqu&#237;mica neuronal. Em seguida, s&#227;o relatadas as teorias sobre a consci&#234;ncia e os pontos de vista de dois autores: David Chalmers e Daniel Dennett. A escolha desses autores para este trabalho visa demonstrar que tais teorias possuem movimento pendular: iniciando com Descartes e sua teoria dualista em um extremo, passando por outras teorias intermedi&#225;rias e chegando at&#233; os materialistas reducionistas no extremo oposto. A metodologia se resume &#224; pesquisa de artigos cient&#237;ficos sobre o tema. Por fim, embora a corrente majorit&#225;ria defenda que a consci&#234;ncia &#233; um fen&#244;meno bioqu&#237;mico, pois, para haver consci&#234;ncia &#233; necess&#225;rio c&#233;rebro, tamb&#233;m h&#225; aqueles que defendem que a consci&#234;ncia n&#227;o seja um atributo da mat&#233;ria. Discuss&#245;es como esta devem ser encorajadas e embasadas em fundamenta&#231;&#227;o te&#243;rica.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The study of the nervous system and its functions is fascinating and complex. One of the most intriguing in this field is how neurobiology produces conscious states; the notorious problem of consciousness (the brain and mind). For this study, a knowledge of both neuroanatomy and physiology is required, as well as of linguistic and philosophical issues. For this reason, this is a topic that is feared or avoided by medical students. The student wishing to begin this chapter of neuroscience faces a question: where to start? There is a vast amount of information on the subject, and the starting point, in general, can be biology, psychology or philosophy. This essay suggests one of several possible means of guiding those seeking preliminary information on the subject. Some students have difficulty with the subject because they lack the fundamental concepts needed, or they do not know the theories defended, but are focused on subject from a purely biological perspective. This work begins by presenting three conceptual possibilities for the word &#8216;conscience&#8217;, and some language limitations related to it. Next, it gives a succinct overview of neurobiology, with emphasis on neuronal electrochemical activity. The theories of consciousness are outlined, giving the points of view of two authors: David Chalmers and Daniel Dennett. This choice of authors demonstrates that such theories have pendular movement: starting with Descartes and his dualist theory at one extreme, passing through other intermediate theories, and reaching the reductionist materialists at the opposite extreme. The methodology consists of a literature search of scientific articles on the subject. Finally, although the majority argue that consciousness is a biochemical phenomenon, because in order to have consciousness there must be a brain, there are also those who argue that consciousness is not an attribute of matter. Discussions like these should be encouraged, and based on theoretical studies.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Consciência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Cérebro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Mente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Neurociência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Consciousness]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Brain]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mind]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Neuroscience]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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