<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1981-5271</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Bras. Educ. Med.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1981-5271</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Associação Brasileira de Educação Médica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1981-52712022000400303</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/1981-5271v46.4-20210389.ing</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Virtual simulations for health education: how are user skills assessed?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Simulações virtuais para educação em saúde: como são avaliadas as habilidades do usuário?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Raul de Brito]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liliane dos Santos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonardo Wanderley]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moraes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ronei Marcos de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal da Paraíba  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[João Pessoa Paraíba]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1981-52712022000400303&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1981-52712022000400303&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1981-52712022000400303&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Introduction:  A virtual simulator, or one based on virtual reality, can computationally recreate real contexts.  Objective:  To analyze works on virtual simulations for training clinical procedures, focusing on the assessment of user skills.  Method:  Integrative literature review, carried out between 2010 and 2020. A total of 56 studies were selected 56 studies.  Results: The selected studies showed that the variables and parameters of virtual simulators are usually obtained by consulting experts or through medical literature. These simulators mainly focus on developing psychomotor skills and assessing the learner&#8217;s performance through real-time alerts, progress indicators, and performance reports after the end of each training.  Conclusion:  Considering the expert&#8217;s knowledge exclusively to define the requirements of virtual simulators can limit their reliability and accuracy. The participation of experts in these projects does not follow standards regarding the selection and frequency with which they collaborate. Few simulators provide insightful and pertinent feedback on user performance.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo:  Introdução:  Um simulador virtual, ou baseado em realidade virtual, pode recriar computacionalmente contextos reais.  Objetivo:  Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar trabalhos sobre simulações virtuais para treinamento de procedimentos clínicos, com foco na avaliação de habilidades do usuário.  Método:  Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada entre 2010 e 2020. Foram selecionados 56 estudos.  Resultado:  Observamos nos estudos selecionados que as variáveis e os parâmetros dos simuladores virtuais são geralmente obtidos por consulta a especialistas ou pela literatura médica. Esses simuladores se concentram principalmente no desenvolvimento de habilidades psicomotoras e na avaliação do desempenho do aluno por meio de alertas em tempo real, indicadores de progresso e relatórios de desempenho após o final de cada treinamento.  Conclusão:  Considerar o conhecimento do especialista para definir exclusivamente os requisitos dos simuladores virtuais pode limitar a confiabilidade e precisão destes. A participação de especialistas nesses projetos não obedece a padrões de seleção e periodicidade com que colaboram. Poucos simuladores fornecem feedback perspicaz e pertinente sobre o desempenho do usuário.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Health Education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Simulation Training]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Educational Measurement]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Computer Simulation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Educação em Saúde]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Treinamento por Simulação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Avaliação Educacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Simulação por Computador]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sparks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Byars]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A low cost, high fidelity nerve block model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Ultrasound J]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Priest]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Using simulation-based training to improve patient safety: what does it take?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>363-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sutherland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hashtrudi-Zaad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sellens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abolmaesumi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mousavi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An augmented reality haptic training simulator for spinal needle procedures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Trans Biomed Eng]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>3009-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moraes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multidisciplinarity and the development of serious games and simulators for health education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Observatório]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>149-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[3D web based surgical training through comparative analysis]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 18thInternational Conference on 3D Web Technology]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>83-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shewaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uribe-Quevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kapralos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A serious game for anesthesia-based crisis resource management training]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computers in Entertainment]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A Simulator for Regional Anesthesia Training]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 19thSymposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>289-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bertrand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Babu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polgreen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Segre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[An evolving multi-agent scenario generation framework for simulations in preventive medicine education]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 2ndACM SIGHIT International Health Informatics Symposium]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>237-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Najdovski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdelrahman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nahavandi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weisinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Augmented optometry training simulator with multi-point haptics]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>2991-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bogoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Avaliação de um simulador háptico de realidade virtual para treinamento de endodontia]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>259-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LFM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valerio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[dos Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trinta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melo Filho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Avaliação do uso de realidade aumentada e gamificação para o treinamento de habilidades em laparoscopia]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>627-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chheang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saalfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huettl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kneist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Preim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Collaborative virtual reality for laparoscopic liver surgery training]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>1-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruge-Vera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uribe-Quevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaimes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perez-Gutierrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Convulsive treatment game-based training app]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ IEEE Games Entertainment Media Conference]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>1-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vankipuram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khanal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ashby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vankipuram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DrummGurnee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Design and development of a virtual reality simulator for advanced cardiac life support training]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE J Biomed Health Inform]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1478-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Design and development of an augmented reality mobile application for medical training]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ IEEE 6th International Conference on Engineering Technologies and Applied Sciences]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>1-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cecil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pirela-Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ilidan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Design of an immersive simulator for orthopedic surgical training]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>3813-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sankaran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nisar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Formella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Efficacy study on interactive mixed reality (IMR) software with sepsis prevention medical education]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>664-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perret]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmitt-Rüth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wittenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Force-feedback assisted and virtual fixtures based K-wire drilling simulation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comput Biol Med]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>114</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EAMG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fusion of online assessment methods for gynecological examination training]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[João Pessoa ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Federal University of Paraíba]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitchell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cutting]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sifakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[GRIDiron: an interactive authoring and cognitive training foundation for reconstructive plastic surgery procedures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ACM Transactions on Graphics]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dumas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Visser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grimpen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Haptic feedback tuning in colonoscopy simulation]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>004400-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haack]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Haptic surgery simulation for cataract]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 19thSymposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>57-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farahat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benslimane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Megdiche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ngote]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Implementation of a virtual reality operating room for simulation purposes in medical training]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ International Conference on Electrical and Information Technologies]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jayakumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mathew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nedungadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Interactive gesture based cataract surgery simulation]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Fifth International Conference on Advances in Computing and Communications]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>350-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wijdenes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borkenhagen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Babione]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hallihan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Leveraging augmented reality training tool for medical education: a case study in central venous catheterization]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>2018</conf-date>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>1-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sabri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cowan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kapralos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moussa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cristanchoi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dubrowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery procedure training meets serious games]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ IEEE International Symposium on Haptic Audio Visual Environments and Games]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>1-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petrinec]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Savitsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terzopoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Patient-specific interactive simulation of compression ultrasonography]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ IEEE 27th international symposium on computer-based medical systems]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>113-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corrêa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ES]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TEA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trenhago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Performance Analysis of the xSight 3120 HMD in a Pleural Puncture Medical Simulation]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ XVSymposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>107-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HCM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CIAB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leite]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esteves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[PIÑATA: pinpoint insertion of intravenous needles via augmented reality training assistance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>82</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Preliminary evaluation of a virtual reality dental simulation system on drilling operation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>s1</numero>
<issue>s1</issue>
<page-range>S747-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Real&#8208;time suturing simulation for virtual reality medical training]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comput Animat Virtual Worlds]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>4-5</numero>
<issue>4-5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Real-time VR simulation of laparoscopic cholecystectomy based on parallel position-based dynamics in GPU]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>548-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muriel-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Valverde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Millán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JAJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Ledesma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Results of the use of a simulator for training in anesthesia and regional analgesia guided by ultrasound]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Med Syst]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paiva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valença]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AMG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Batista]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moraes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[SimCEC: a collaborative VR-based simulator for surgical teamwork education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computers in Entertainment]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zadow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[UV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harms]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Behringer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sostmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dachselt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[SimMed: combining simulation and interactive tabletops for medical education]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>1469-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[SimObturation: Virtual Reality Application for Simulation of Dental Obturation Procedure Training with Phantom Omni Device Integration]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 21stSymposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>165-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IFMS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LDS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valença]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AMG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incisions in virtual reality simulators: assessing user performance.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Res Biomed Eng]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>103-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kleven]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prasolova-Førland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fominykh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rasmussen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sagberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Training nurses and educating the public using a virtual operating room with Oculus Rift]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ International Conference on Virtual Systems &amp; Multimedia]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>206-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ER]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Um simulador baseado em realidade virtual para o treinamento de estudantes na administração de medicamentos injetáveis]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[João Pessoa ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidade Federal da Paraíba]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Korzeniowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[VCSim3: a VR simulator for cardiovascular interventions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>135-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GZ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sallaberry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vida odonto: ambiente de realidade virtual para treinamento odontológico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira de Informática na Educação]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>80-101</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souza-Junior]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IAC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marques]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mashuda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FKK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LAF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[VIDA-Enfermagem v1. 0: realidade virtual imersiva na coleta de sangue a vácuo em adulto]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Lat Am Enfermagem]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>28</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Izard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JAJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JMG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ledesma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Peñalvo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruisoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Virtual simulation for scoliosis surgery]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 5thInternational Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corrêa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nunes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Visual and haptic trajectories applied to dental anesthesia training: conceptualization, implementation and preliminary evaluation]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 20thSymposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>210-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>45</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tokuyasu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakayama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toshimitsu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okamura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yoshiura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Development of virtual palpation system for dental education]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ IEEE 29th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>44-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>46</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[See]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Billinghurst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rengganaten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Medical learning murmurs simulation with mobile audible augmented reality]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ SIGGRAPH ASIA 2016 mobile graphics and interactive applications]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>1-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<label>47</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nunes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Breast palpation simulation with haptic feedback: prototype and initial results]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ XVISymposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>268-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<label>48</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sourin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Design and implementation of a haptics-based virtual venepuncture simulation and training system]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 11thInternational Conference on Virtual-Reality Continuum and its Applications in Industry]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>25-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<label>49</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lyu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Development of laparoscopic cholecystectomy simulator based on unity game engine]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 15thACM SIGGRAPH European Conference on Visual Media Production]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<label>50</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Bimbo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faconti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferracani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pezzatini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Emergency medicine training with gesture driven interactive 3D simulations]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ ACM workshop on user experience in e-learning and augmented technologies in education]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>2012</conf-date>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>25-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<label>51</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goksel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sapchuk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salcudean]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Haptic simulator for prostate brachytherapy with simulated needle and probe interaction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Trans Haptics]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>188-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<label>52</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kandee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boonbrahm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boonbrahm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Realistic pulse simulation measurement using haptic device with augmented reality]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ IECON 2016-42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>773-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<label>53</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mostafa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ryu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WHA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takashima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[ReflectiveSpineVR: an immersive spine surgery simulation with interaction history capabilities]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 5thSymposium on Spatial User Interaction]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>20-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<label>54</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wijewickrema]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ioannou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piromchai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bailey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kennedy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Region-specific automated feedback in temporal bone surgery simulation]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ IEEE 28th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>310-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<label>55</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harders]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rendering virtual tumors in real tissue mock-ups using haptic augmented reality]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Trans Haptics]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>77-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<label>56</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Paolis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Serious game for laparoscopic suturing training]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 6thInternational Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>481-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<label>57</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pires]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serpa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MAF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[SimImplanto-a virtual dental implant training simulator]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ XVIIISymposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>193-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<label>58</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Visio-haptic simulation for detection of dental cavity profile]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>1315-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<label>59</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Voxel-based haptic training simulator for screw insertion in knee osteotomy]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 5thInternational Conference on Automation, Robotics and Applications]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>179-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<label>60</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fehring]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Methods to validate nursing diagnoses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Heart Lung]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>625-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<label>61</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ED]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[State of the art of virtual reality simulation in anesthesia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Anesthesiol Clin]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>31-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<label>62</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nevalainen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mantyranta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pitkala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facing uncertainty as a medical student: a qualitative study of their reflective learning diaries and writings on specific themes during the first clinical year]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Patient Educ Couns]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>218-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<label>63</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moraes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment systems for training based on virtual reality: a comparison study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal on Interactive Systems]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>9-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<label>64</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moraes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Online training evaluation in VR simulators using Gaussian mixture models]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Studies in Health Technology and Informatics]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>42-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<label>65</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burdea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patounakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Popescu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weiss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Virtual reality training for the diagnosis of prostate cancer]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ IEEE International Conference on Information Technology Applications in Biomedicine]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>1998 May</conf-date>
<conf-loc>Piscataway, NJ </conf-loc>
<page-range>6-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<label>66</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bloom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Taxonomy of educational objectives: The Classification of Educational goals]]></source>
<year>1956</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McKay]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<label>67</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bastable]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sopczyk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gramet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Health professional as educator: principles of teaching and learning: principles of teaching and learning]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Burlington, Massachusetts ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Jones &amp; Bartlett Learning]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<label>68</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dave]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Psychomotor levels. Developing and writing educational objectives]]></source>
<year>1970</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Tucson, AZ ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Educational Innovators Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
