<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1984-5987</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Childhood & Philosophy]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[child.philo]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1984-5987</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1984-59872020000100307</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12957/childphilo.2020.48358</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Crianças e guerra: as balas perdidas!]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Children and war: the stray bullets!]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Niños y guerra: las balas perdidas!]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abramowicz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anete]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de São Paulo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>16</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1984-59872020000100307&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1984-59872020000100307&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1984-59872020000100307&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[resumo Este artigo constitui-se em um ensaio que busca responder quais crianças na contemporaneidade têm sido alvo e mortas &#8220;sem querer&#8221;, &#8220;ao acaso&#8221;, pelo Estado brasileiro. Para buscar entender o lugar das crianças nesta &#8220;guerra&#8221;, este estudo apoia-se, entre outros autores, em Achille Mbembe, Maurizio Lazzarato e Peter Pál Pelbart. O texto, organizado em seis partes, utilizou-se dos conceitos de biopolítica, biopoder e necropolítica em um primeiro momento, procurando mostrar o tipo específico de poder exercido na contemporaneidade. Compreende-se o biopoder não somente como um conceito militar, da guerra ou da política, mas também vinculado a uma guerra &#8220;biológica&#8221;, como sugere Lazzarato, contra os negros, contra algumas sexualidades, contra algumas mulheres e contra algumas crianças. Buscou-se mostrar de que maneira a construção da ideia universal de criança exclui as que não pertencem a esta representação - em geral, difundida incessantemente como sendo uma imagem única de criança. Esta difusão de criança única, universal faz-se por meio de inúmeras formas discursivas, audiovisuais, imagéticas etc. e, dessa forma, exclui as crianças negras e todas aquelas que fazem desviar, ou &#8220;fugir&#8221; à maneira hegemônica de representar, pensar e escrever sobre o que é uma criança. Por fim, constatou-se que as crianças mortas são negras e pobres, e busca-se mostrar a importância da participação política das crianças nas cenas sociais.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[abstract This essay seeks to answer the questions of which children in the contemporary world have been targeted and killed "unintentionally&#8221;or "at random" by the Brazilian State. In order to understand the place of children in this &#8220;war&#8221; we rely on the work, among others, of Achille Mbembe, Maurizio Lazzarato and Peter Pál Pelbart. Our text is structured in six sections. First, we take up the concepts of biopolitics, biopower and necropolitics , in an attempt to specify the type of governmental power that is exercised nowadays. Biopower is understood, not only as a military or political concept, but also in relation to a &#8220;biological&#8221; war (Lazzarato, 2016) against blacks, against certain sexualities, against some women and against some children. We than show how the construction of the universal idea of &#8220;child&#8221; excludes children who do not belong to this representation, which is, in general, disseminated as being the only image of a child. This diffusion of a single, universal notion of &#8220;child&#8221; is made through countless discursive and audiovisual imagery, and excludes black children and all those who diverge from or &#8220;flee&#8221; the hegemonic way of representing, thinking and writing about what a child is. Finally, we verify that the dead children are black and poor and we demonstrate the importance of children's political participation in social life.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[resumen Este artículo es un ensayo que busca responder qué niños, en el mundo contemporâneo, han sido atacados y asesinados "involuntariamente", "al azar" por el Estado brasileño. Para tratar de comprender el lugar de los niños en esta "guerra", nos apoyamos, entre otros, en: Achille Mbembe, Maurizio Lazzarato y Peter Pál Pelbart. La construcción del texto se llevó a cabo en seis partes. Los conceptos de biopolítica, biopoder y necropolítica se utilizaron al principio, tratando de mostrar el tipo específico de poder que se ejerce en los tiempos contemporáneos. El biopoder se entendió no solo como un concepto militar, de guerra o político, sino también en relación con una guerra "biológica" (Lazzarato, 2016), contra los negros, contra algunas sexualidades, contra algunas mujeres y contra algunos niños. Intentamos mostrar cómo la construcción de la idea universal de un niño excluye a niños que no pertenecen a esta representación, en general, diseminados sin cesar como una imagen única de niño. Esta difusión de un niño único y universal se realiza a través de innumerables formas discursivas, audiovisuales, imágenes, etc., y de esta manera excluye a los niños negros y a todos aquellos que se desvían o "escapan" de la forma hegemónica de representar, pensar y escribir sobre qué es un niño. Finalmente, verificamos que los niños muertos son negros y pobres y buscamos mostrar la importancia de la participación política de niños en las escenas sociales.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[criança negra]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[biopolítica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[necropolítica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[participação política.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[black child]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biopolitics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[necropolitics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[political participation.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[niño negro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[biopolítica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[necropolítica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[participación política.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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