<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2178-4612</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Conjectura: Filosofia e Educação]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Conjectura: filos. e Educ.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2178-4612</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidade de Caxias do Sul]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2178-46122021000100302</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18226/21784612.v26.e021003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Evolução, evolucionismo e antropologia sociocultural: contribuições para um debate inconcluso]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Evolution, evolutionism and sociocultural anthropology: contributions to an unfinished debate]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sordi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Caetano]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2178-46122021000100302&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2178-46122021000100302&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2178-46122021000100302&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Está bem-estabelecido que a moderna noção de ser humano está firmemente ancorada no conceito de evolução natural, no que diz respeito à sua origem biológica e, no conceito de cultura, no que diz respeito à sua condição existencial e à sua multiplicidade de modos de vida. Este artigo discute a relação entre o paradigma evolucionista nas ciências naturais e o pensamento antropológico moderno, analisando as raízes de alguns mal-entendidos entre as duas tradições intelectuais. Notadamente, o embaralhamento entre os legados da obra do naturalista Charles Darwin e do filósofo Herbert Spencer para a escola de pensamento conhecida como &#8220;evolucionismo social&#8221;, hegemônica entre a década de 70 do século XIX e a Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-1918) no contexto antropológico. A partir da crítica dirigida aos autores dessa escola por Franz Boas, fundador da antropologia cultural norte-americana, o artigo demonstra que o conceito evolutivo empregado por evolucionistas sociais como Edward B. Tylor e Lewis H. Morgan remete mais às concepções teleológicas e dedutivas de Spencer da evolução, como uma lei, que às formulações de Darwin da seleção natural como um mecanismo. Por fim, o artigo salienta afinidades entre a teoria da cultura de Boas e a visão darwiniana maiores do que se poderia supor, dentre as quais: uma perspectiva mais retroditiva que preditiva sobre o processo de variação natural-cultural; a substituição da ortogênese determinada pela filogênese indeterminada; e da crença no progresso absoluto e no excepcionalismo humano pelo relativismo com respeito ao lugar da humanidade e às suas formas de vida cultural no mundo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract It is well established that the modern notion of human being is firmly based on the concept of natural evolution, regarding its biological origins, and on the concept of culture, regarding its existential condition and its multiplicity of way of life. This paper discusses the relationship between the evolutionary paradigm in the natural sciences and modern anthropological thought by analyzing the roots of some misunderstandings between these two intellectual traditions. Notably, the conflation of the legacies of naturalist Charles Darwin and philosopher Herbert Spencer in the works of the school of thought known as Social Evolutionism, which was hegemonic between the 1870s and World War I (1914-1918) in the anthropological field. Based on the criticism directed at the authors of this school by Franz Boas, founder of North American Cultural Anthropology, the paper demonstrates that the evolutionary concept used by social evolutionists such as Edward B. Tylor and Lewis H. Morgan refers more to Spencer&#8217;s teleological and deductive conceptions of evolution as a law than to Darwin&#8217;s approach to natural selection as a mechanism. Finally, the paper highlights that the affinities between the Boasian theory of culture and the Darwinian worldview are greater than might be supposed, such as: a retrodictive view on the process of natural and cultural variancy, rather than a predictive one; the substitution of determined orthogenesis for non-deterministic phylogenesis; and the replacement of the belief on absolute progress and human exceptionalism for relativism concerning the place of humanity and its various cultural ways of life in the world.]]></p></abstract>
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<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Darwin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Spencer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Evolution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Social evolutionism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anthropology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Darwin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Spencer]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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