<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0102-7735</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Educação em Questão]]></journal-title>
<issn>0102-7735</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0102-77352015000300045</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5965/1981180253392015045</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA["Exportar" m&#227;o-de-obra qualificada a custo zero: quanto perde Portugal com a "fuga de c&#233;rebros"?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Export hand-skilled labor at no cost: how much Portugal loses to the "brain drain"?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Exportar mano de obra calificada a costo cero: cuánto Portugal pierde con la emigración altamente calificada?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerdeira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado-Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria de Lourdes]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patrocínio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tomás]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Belmiro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Lisboa  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Agência de Avaliação e Acreditação do Ensino Superior  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>39</numero>
<fpage>45</fpage>
<lpage>75</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0102-77352015000300045&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0102-77352015000300045&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0102-77352015000300045&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Em Portugal, sobretudo desde 2008, milhares de diplomados emigram. Em 2010 nos pa&#237;ses da Organiza&#231;&#227;o para a Coopera&#231;&#227;o e Desenvolvimento Econ&#243;mico (OCDE) residiam mais de 145000; em 2015 rondam os 200000. Esta "fuga de c&#233;rebros", foi o objecto da pesquisa "BRADRAMO &#8722; &#202;xodo de compet&#234;ncias e mobilidade acad&#233;mica de Portugal para a Europa", utilizandouma amostra de conveni&#234;ncia de 1100 indiv&#237;duos. Neste artigo caracterizam-se esses sujeitos e, utilizando dados da OCDE, estima-se em 9 mil milh&#245;es de euros o investimento realizado por Portugal com a educa&#231;&#227;o dos 145000 emigrantes e que &#233; oferecido a "custo zero" aos pa&#237;sesque osacolhem.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In Portugal especially since 2008, thousands of graduates emigrate. In 2010 in OECD countries lived more than 1450.00; in 2015 are around 200.000. This "brain drain", has been studied within the research "BRADRAMO &#8722; Brain Drain and Academic Mobility from Portugal to Europe", with a convenience sample of 1100 individuals. In this article these subjects are characterized and, using data from the OECD, estimated at EUR 9 billion investment made by Portugal with the education of those 145.000 immigrants and that is offered at "zero cost/a free cost basis" to the countries hosting them.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En Portugal especialmente desde 2008, miles de graduados que migran. En 2010, en los pa&#237;ses de la OCDE viv&#237;an m&#225;s de 145.000; en 2015 son alrededor de 200.000. Esta "salida de cerebros" hay sido estudiada en la investigaci&#243;n "BRADRAMO - &#201;xodo de competencias y movilidad acad&#233;mica de Portugal a Europa", utilizando una muestra de conveniencia de 1.100 personas. En este art&#237;culo, se caracteriza la muestra y, a partir de datos de la OCDE, se estima en 9.000 millones de euros de inversi&#243;n realizados por Portugal con la educaci&#243;n de los 145.000 inmigrantes y que es ofrecido a "coste cero" para los pa&#237;ses que los acogen.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Educação superior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA["Fuga de cérebros"]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Custos de formação de emigrante qualificado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Higher education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA["Brain drain"]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Qualified emigrant training costs.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Educación superior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA["Salida de cerebros"]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Costes de formación del emigrante calificado.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ALTBACH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Philip]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The world is not flat: the brain drain and higher education in the 21st century]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GLASS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anna]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The state of higher education]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris (France) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OECD Higher Education Programme]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BARRO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LEE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jong-Wha]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A New Data Set of Educational Attainment in the World, 1950-2010]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Development Economics]]></source>
<year></year>
<volume>104</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London (UK) ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BEINE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DOCQUIER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frédéric]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RAPOPORT]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hillel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Brain drain and LDC's growth: winners and loosers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Discussion Paper]]></source>
<year></year>
<numero>819</numero>
<issue>819</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bonn (Alemanha) ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BEINE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DOCQUIER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frédéric]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RAPOPORT]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hillel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Brain Drain and Human Capital Formation in Developing Countries: Winners and Losers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Economic Journal]]></source>
<year></year>
<volume>118</volume>
<numero>528</numero>
<issue>528</issue>
<page-range>631-52</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford (UK) ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>BRADRAMO. Brain Drain and Academic Mobility from Portugal to Europe</collab>
<collab>BRADRAMO. Brain Drain and Academic Mobility from Portugal to Europe</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Êxodo de competências e mobilidade académica de Portugal para a Europa]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Portugal ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[BRADAMO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CASTLES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stephen]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MILLER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mark J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Age of migration international population movements in the modern world]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Basingstoke ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DOCQUIER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frédéric]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LOHEST]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Olivier]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MARFOUK]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Abdeslam]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Brain drain in developing countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Bank Economic Review]]></source>
<year></year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>193-218</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HAMILTON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kimberly]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Migration and Development: Blind Fact and Hand-to-Find Facts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Migration Policy Institute]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MEYER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jean-Baptiste]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Network Approach versus Brain Drain: Lessons from the Diáspora]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Migration]]></source>
<year></year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>91-110</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York (USA) ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[OLESEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Henrik]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Migration, Return and Development: An Institutional Perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Migration]]></source>
<year></year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>125-51</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York (USA) ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>OECD</collab>
<collab>OECD</collab>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Data base on Immigrants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[OECD]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OECD Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Education at a Glance 2014: OECD Indicators]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OECD Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PIZARRO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Martínez]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Globalizados, pero restringidos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Una visión latinoamericana del mercado global de recursos humanos calificados]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Latinoamericano y Caribeno de Demografia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>PORDATA</collab>
<collab>PORDATA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Base de dados de Portugal Contemporâneo]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
