<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1519-3993</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Educação PUC-Campinas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Educ. Puc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1519-3993</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1519-39932025000100200</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24220/2318-0870v30a2025e14431</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Ataques de violência extrema às escolas no Brasil]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Extreme violence attacks on schools in Brazil]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cléo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vinha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Telma]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Estadual de Campinas Faculdade de Educação Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Campinas SP]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Estadual de Campinas Faculdade de Educação Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Campinas SP]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>30</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1519-39932025000100200&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1519-39932025000100200&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1519-39932025000100200&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo O aumento dos ataques de violência extrema às escolas no Brasil gerou um clima de apreensão e intensos debates em diversos setores da sociedade. Esses ataques diferem de outras formas de violência, tratando-se de um fenômeno com características específicas e multicausal. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa documental que mapeou episódios de violência extrema em escolas no Brasil, cometidos por estudantes e ex-estudantes. Foram considerados os incidentes intencionais que ocorreram no espaço escolar, planejados e com o objetivo de causar mortes e lesões. Eles se caracterizam como crimes de ódio e/ou são motivados por vingança (quando o autor é menor de idade, são atos infracionais violentos de tentativa contra a vida). A pesquisa identificou o primeiro registro no país em agosto de 2001 e, até julho de 2024, contabilizou 40 episódios, com um aumento expressivo, entre 2022 e 2024, de 25 casos. Do total, 31 foram ataques ativos, em que o objetivo é matar indiscriminadamente o maior número de pessoas, e nove foram ataques direcionados, com alvos específicos. O estudo detalha as características desses eventos e dos seus autores, analisa por que os ataques são especificamente direcionados às escolas, explora os armamentos utilizados e examina a progressão das denúncias e das investigações decorrentes. Espera-se que esta pesquisa contribua para uma compreensão mais aprofundada desse tipo de violência cruel que atinge nossas escolas, oferecendo subsídios para o planejamento de ações de prevenção e enfrentamento.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The increase in extremely violent attacks on schools in Brazil has generated a climate of apprehension and intense debate in various sectors of society. These attacks differ from other forms of violence, as they are a phenomenon with specific characteristics and multiple causes. This article presents the results of a documentary study that mapped episodes of extreme violence in schools in Brazil, committed by students and former students. The study considered intentional incidents that occurred in the school environment, planned and with the objective of causing death and injury. They are characterized as hate crimes and/or are motivated by revenge (when the perpetrator is a minor, they are violent criminal acts of attempted murder). The study identified the first record in the country in August 2001 and, until June 2024, it recorded 40 episodes, with a significant increase between 2022 and 2024, of 25 cases. Of the total, 31 were active attacks, in which the objective is to indiscriminately kill as many people as possible, and nine were targeted attacks, with specific targets. The study details the characteristics of these events and their perpetrators, analyzes why the attacks are specifically aimed at schools, explores the weapons used, and examines the progression of complaints and resulting investigations. It is expected that this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of this type of cruel violence that affects our schools, offering support for planning prevention and response actions.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Massacres]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Segurança escolar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Tiroteios em escolas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Violência extrema em escolas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Massacres]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[School safety]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[School shootings]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Extreme violence in schools]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Anti-Defamation League</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Murder and Extremism in the United States 2022]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Center on Extremism]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agnich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A comparative analysis of attempted and completed school-based mass murder attacks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Criminal Justice]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[More than 370,000 students have experienced gun violence at school since Columbine]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The Washington Post]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cullen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Columbine]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Rio de Janeiro ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[DarkSide Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elsass]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schildkraut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stafford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Studying school shootings: Challenges and considerations for research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Criminal Justice]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>444-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[USA TODAY]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ataques de violência extrema às escolas no Brasil: mapeamento, fatores associados e caminhos de prevenção e enfrentamento]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Campinas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidade de Campinas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gawley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuellar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coyle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A theoretical and empirical assessment of authoritarianism&#8217;s effects on behavior, attendance, and performance in urban school systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Contemporary Justice Review]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>197-217</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mehta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Studying Rare Events Through Qualitative Case Studies: Lessons from a Study of Rampage School Shootings]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sociological Methods and Research]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>174-217</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A theory of intimate massacres: Steps toward a causal explanation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Theoretical Criminology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>277-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kimmel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adolescent Masculinity, Homophobia, and Violence: Random School Shootings, 1982-2001]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Behavioral Scientist]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1439-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Langman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Why Kids Kill: Inside the Minds of School Shooters]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[St. Martin&#8217;s Griffin]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Langman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[School Shooters: understanding high school, college, and adult perpetrators]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Maryland ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Masculinity, school shooters, and the control of violence]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heitmeyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Control of violence: Historical and International Perspectives on Violence in Modern Societies]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>315-44</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lebrun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Postvention: supporting the school Community after school shooting]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lebrun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Books, Blackboards, and Bullets: School Shootings and Violence in America]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>93-109</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lanham ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Rowman &amp; Littlefield Education]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Myketiak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fragile masculinity: social inequalities in the narrative frame and discursive construction of a mass shooter&#8217;s autobiography/manifesto]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Contemporary Social Science]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>289-303</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muschert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Columbine Victims and the Myth of the Juvenile Superpredator]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>351-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>National Center For Education Statistic</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Violent deaths at school and away from school, school shootings, and active shooter incidents]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[et al. Rampage: the social roots of school shootings]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Basic Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peterson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Densley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erickson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Presence Of Armed School Officials and Fatal and Nonfatal Gunshot Injuries During Mass School Shootings, United States, 1980-2019]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA Network Open]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Racorti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. E. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ataques Ativos: análise do fenômeno e propostas de atuação em amplo espectro]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riedman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&#8217;neill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[K-12 school shooting database: Research methodology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Monterey ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Center for Homeland Defense and Security, Advanced Thinking Program]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossin-Slater]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Local exposure to school shootings and youth antidepressant use]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>117</volume>
<numero>38</numero>
<issue>38</issue>
<page-range>23484-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sentimentos de Pertencimento e Identidade no Ambiente Escolar]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira de Educação em Geografia]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>130-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Slonje]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scandinavian Journal of Psychology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<page-range>147-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sorensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Thin Blue Line in Schools: New Evidence on School-Based Policing Across the U.S]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Policy Analysis and Management]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>941-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Violent Masculinities as Tropes for School Shooters]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Behavioral Scientist]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>1266-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Towers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contagion in Mass Killings and School Shootings]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plos One]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vieira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mender]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. D. C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guimarães]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[De Columbine à Virgínia Tech: reflexões com base empírica sobre um fenômeno em expansão]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>493-501</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vossekuil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The final report and findings of the Safe School Initiative: Implications for the Prevention of School Attacks in the United States]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United States Secret Service, Department of Education]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
