<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0100-3143</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Educação e Realidade]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Educ. Real.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0100-3143</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Faculdade de Educação]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0100-31432019000200610</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/2175-623687078</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Developing Flexibility in Mental Calculation]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Desenvolvendo Flexibilidade no Cálculo Mental]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rathgeb-Schnierer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elisabeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael G]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Kassel University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Kassel HE]]></addr-line>
<country>Germany</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of North Carolina at Charlotte  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Charlotte NC]]></addr-line>
<country>United States of America</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0100-31432019000200610&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0100-31432019000200610&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0100-31432019000200610&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Flexibility in performing mental calculations has become an important focus for mathematics educators, with research surging over the past two decades. Contemporary research results lends strong support for the development of mental flexibility in elementary classrooms. This report focuses on three interrelated themes: (1) a model of mental calculation that allows the study of flexible solution processes; (2) a review of definitions of flexibility and summary of reported research; and (3) an examination of the prerequisites for promoting mental flexibility. The approach termed Zahlenblickschulung is introduced with examples of activities that encourage students to sort numerical problems and reason about the sorting.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo: A flexibilidade na realização de cálculos mentais tornou-se um foco importante para os educadores em matemática, com pesquisas surgindo nas últimas duas décadas. Resultados de pesquisas contemporâneas oferecem sólido suporte para o desenvolvimento da flexibilidade mental no ensino fundamental. Este estudo concentra-se em três temas inter-relacionados: (1) um modelo de cálculo mental que permite o estudo de processos flexíveis de resolução; (2) uma revisão das definições de flexibilidade e uma síntese da pesquisa reportada; e (3) um exame dos pré-requisitos para promover a flexibilidade mental. A abordagem denominada Zahlenblickschulung é apresentada com exemplos de atividades que incentivam os alunos a classificar operações numéricas e a raciocinar sobre a classificação.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Flexibility]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mental Calculation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Approach to Foster Flexibility]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Elementary Classroom]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Flexibilidade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Cálculo Mental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Abordagem para promover a flexibilidade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Ensino fundamental]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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