<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0103-6831</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Estudos em Avaliação Educacional]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Est. Aval. Educ.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0103-6831</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundação Carlos Chagas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0103-68312017000100102</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18222/eae.v28i67.4082</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[A pré-escola e o direito à educação: aportes para um debate]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La preescuela y el derecho a la educación: aportes para un debate]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Preschool and the right to education: contributions to a debate]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esteves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luiz Carlos Gil]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Rio de Janeiro RJ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>67</numero>
<fpage>102</fpage>
<lpage>131</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0103-68312017000100102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0103-68312017000100102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0103-68312017000100102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é refletir, com base em números do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), sobre o processo de oferta da educação pré-escolar no período de 2003 a 2014, tendo em vista o conjunto de leis que determina a sua universalização obrigatória dessa etapa até o fim de 2016. Assim, ainda que o avanço nesse atendimento tenha sido expressivo, constatou-se um déficit de cobertura superior a 600 mil crianças de 4 e 5 anos. Os mais excluídos são os sujeitos provenientes do estrato dos 25% mais pobres da população, de raça/ cor preta e residentes em áreas rurais, sobretudo nas regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste. Não foi percebido maior impacto nem com a adoção de novos parâmetros para o financiamento educacional nem com a promulgação das leis que obrigam tal oferta universal, no sentido de alterar o ritmo progressivo das matrículas verificado, como também não se percebeu relação direta entre maior cobertura e melhores indicadores de qualidade.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es el de reflexionar, en base a números provenientes del Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), sobre el proceso de oferta de la educación preescolar entre 2003 y 2014, teniendo en cuenta el conjunto de leyes que determina su universalización obligatoria hasta fines del 2016. Aunque el avance en dicha atención fue expresivo, se constató un déficit de cobertura superior a 600 mil niños entre 4 y 5 años. Los principales excluidos son los sujetos provenientes del estrato 25% más pobre de la población, de raza/color negro y residentes en las áreas rurales, sobre todo en las regiones Norte y Centro Oeste. No se detectó un gran impacto tanto con la adopción de nuevos parámetros para la financiación educacional como con la promulgación de las leyes que obligan tal oferta universal, en el sentido de alterar el ritmo progresivo de las matrículas que se verificó durante los años investigados, así como tampoco se percibió una relación directa entre mayor cobertura y mejores indicadores de calidad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article aims to reflect on the process of offering pre-school education from 2003 to 2014. It is based on figures from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and guided by the set of laws that determine the compulsory universalization of pre-school education by the end of 2016. Thus, even if the number of children attending school has been expressive, there is a deficit of more than 600,000 places for 4 and 5 year-old children. Most of the children excluded come from the poorest 25% stratum of the population, who are black and reside in rural areas, especially in the North and Midwest regions. No impact was detected in the change of the progressive pace of enrollment, neither with the adoption of new parameters for the educational funding nor with the legislation that establishes preschool education as universal and compulsory. Also, no direct relationship between more places and better quality indicators was detected.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Educação Pré-Escolar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Direito à Educação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Legislação da Educação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Indicadores Educacionais]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Educación Preescolar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Derecho a la Educación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Legislación de la Educación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Indicadores Educacionales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pre-school Education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Right to Education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Education Legislation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Educational Indicators]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ALVARADO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lusmidia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GARCÍA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Margarita]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Características más relevantes del paradigma sócio-crítico: su aplicación en investigaciones de educación ambiental y de enseñanza de las ciências realizadas en el Doctorado de Educación del Instituto Pedagógico de Caracas.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sapiens: Revista Universitaria de Investigación]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>187-202</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BARNETT]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Steven]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HUSTEDT]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jason]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Head Start&#8217;s lasting benefits.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Infants &amp; Young Children]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>16-24</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>BRASIL. Congresso Nacional</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Lei n. 9394, de 20 de dezembro de 1996. Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional.]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brasília, DF ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Senado Federal]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>BRASIL. Congresso Nacional</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Lei n. 11.494, de 20 de junho de 2007. Regulamenta o Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação - FUNDEB -, de que trata o art. 60 do Ato das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias; altera a Lei no. 10.195, de 14 de fevereiro de 2001; revoga dispositivos das Leis nos. 9.424, de 24 de dezembro de 1996, 10.880, de 9 de junho de 2004, e 10.845, de 5 de março de 2004; e dá outras providências.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brasília, DF ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>BRASIL. Congresso Nacional</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Emenda Constitucional n. 59, de 11 de novembro de 2009.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diário Oficial da União,]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brasília, DF ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>BRASIL. Congresso Nacional</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Lei n. 12.796, de 04 de abril de 2013. Altera a Lei no. 9.394, de 20 de dezembro de 1996, que estabelece as diretrizes e bases da educação nacional, para dispor sobre a formação dos profissionais da educação e dar outras providências.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brasília, DF ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Senado Federal]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>BRASIL. Congresso Nacional</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Lei n. 13.005, de 25 de junho de 2014. Aprova o Plano Nacional de Educação 2014-2024 e dá outras providências.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brasília, DF ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Senado Federal]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CAMPOS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Malta]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Entre as políticas de qualidade e a qualidade das práticas.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cadernos de Pesquisa]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>148</numero>
<issue>148</issue>
<page-range>22-43</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CAMPOS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Malta]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FÜLLGRAF]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jodete]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WIGGERS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Verena]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Qualidade da educação infantil brasileira: alguns resultados de pesquisa.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cadernos de Pesquisa]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>127</numero>
<issue>127</issue>
<page-range>87-128</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CAMPOS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosânia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BARBOSA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Carmen Silveira]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Obrigatoriedade de matrícula aos quatro anos: ampliação ou recuo do direito?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Textura]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>36</numero>
<issue>36</issue>
<page-range>66-86</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Canoas, RS ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CAVALCANTI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Meire]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MARANGON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristiane]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Entre o direito e a obrigação: obrigatoriedade do ensino não é determinante para o aumento das matrículas e para a permanência dos estudantes na escola. Entrevista com Vital Didonet.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Educação]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CURY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Roberto Jamil]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A educação como desafio na ordem jurídica.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LOPES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eliana Marta Teixeira]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FARIA FILHO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luciano Mendes]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VEIGA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cynthia Greive]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[500 anos de educação no Brasil.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Belo Horizonte ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Autêntica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CURY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Roberto Jamil]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A educação básica como direito.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cadernos de Pesquisa]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>134</numero>
<issue>134</issue>
<page-range>293-303</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CURY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Roberto Jamil]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FERREIRA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luiz Antonio Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Obrigatoriedade da educação das crianças e adolescentes: uma questão de oferta ou de efetivo atendimento?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nuances: estudos sobre educação]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>124-45</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Presidente Prudente, SP ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DIDONET]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vital]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dilemas da obrigatoriedade da pré-escola.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pátio: Educação Infantil]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>38</numero>
<issue>38</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Porto Alegre ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DURHAM]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eunice Ribeiro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A política educacional do governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso: Uma visão comparada.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Novos Estudos Cebrap]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<numero>88</numero>
<issue>88</issue>
<page-range>153-79</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GIBBS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Chloe]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LUDWIG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jens]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MILLER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Douglas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does head start do any lasting good?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BAILEY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martha]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DANZIGER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sheldon]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The war on poverty: a 50-year retrospective.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Russell Sage Foundation]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[KAPPEL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Dolores Bombardelli]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CARVALHO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[KRAMER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sonia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Perfil das crianças de 0 a 6 anos que freqüentam creches, pré-escolas e escolas: uma análise dos resultados da Pesquisa sobre Padrões de Vida/IBGE.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira de Educação]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>35-47</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Rio de Janeiro ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[OLIVEIRA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Romualdo Portela]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Da universalização do ensino fundamental ao desafio da qualidade: uma análise histórica.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educação &amp; Sociedade]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>100</numero>
<issue>100</issue>
<page-range>661-90</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Campinas, SP ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ROSEMBERG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fúlvia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Expansão da educação infantil e processos de exclusão.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cadernos de Pesquisa]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<numero>107</numero>
<issue>107</issue>
<page-range>7-40</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ROSEMBERG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fúlvia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Educação infantil e relações raciais: a tensão entre igualdade e diversidade.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cadernos de Pesquisa]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>153</numero>
<issue>153</issue>
<page-range>742-59</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SILVA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lidiane Rodrigues Campêlo da]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pesquisa documental: alternativa investigativa na formação docente.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ CONGRESSO NACIONAL DE EDUCAÇÃO, 9; ENCONTRO SUL BRASILEIRO DE PSICOPEDAGOGIA, 3]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>26 a 29 out. 2009</conf-date>
<conf-loc>Curitiba </conf-loc>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Curitiba ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[PUCPR]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[TELLES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vera da Silva]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Direitos sociais: afinal do que se trata?]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Belo Horizonte ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editora da UFMG]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[THEODORO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Questão racial e ações afirmativas: enfrentando o racismo e as desigualdades raciais na educação.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GENTILI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Política educacional, cidadania e conquistas democráticas.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundação Perseu Abramo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
