<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0104-4036</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ensaio: aval. pol. públ. educ.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0104-4036</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundação CESGRANRIO]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0104-40362020000300599</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/s0104-40362020002802346</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Multiple imputation in big identifiable data for educational research: An example from the Brazilian education assessment system]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Imputação múltipla em grandes dados identificáveis para pesquisa educacional: um exemplo do sistema brasileiro de avaliação educacional]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Imputación múltiple en grandes datos identificables para la investigación educativa: un ejemplo del sistema brasileño de evaluación educativa]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrão]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Eugénia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paula]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Teresa Gonzaga]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Beira Interior Center for Mathematics Applied to Economic Forecasting and Decision Making ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Beira Interior Instituto de Telecomunicações ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Covilhã ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Federal University of Minas Gerais  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Belo Horizonte MG]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>108</numero>
<fpage>599</fpage>
<lpage>641</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0104-40362020000300599&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0104-40362020000300599&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0104-40362020000300599&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Almost all quantitative studies in educational assessment, evaluation and educational research are based on incomplete data sets, which have been a problem for years without a single solution. The use of big identifiable data poses new challenges in dealing with missing values. In the first part of this paper, we present the state-of-art of the topic in the Brazilian education scientific literature, and how researchers have dealt with missing data since the turn of the century. Next, we use open access software to analyze real-world data, the 2017 Prova Brasil , for several federation units to document how the naïve assumption of missing completely at random may substantially affect statistical conclusions, researcher interpretations, and subsequent implications for policy and practice. We conclude with straightforward suggestions for any education researcher on applying R routines to conduct the hypotheses test of missing completely at random and, if the null hypothesis is rejected, then how to implement the multiple imputation, which appears to be one of the most appropriate methods for handling missing data.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Quase todos os estudos quantitativos em aferição, avaliação e pesquisa educacional são baseados em conjuntos de dados incompletos, que têm sido um problema há anos sem solução única. O uso de grandes dados identificáveis apresenta novos desafios para lidar com valores ausentes. Na primeira parte deste artigo, apresentamos o estado-da-arte do tópico na literatura científica educacional brasileira e como os pesquisadores têm tratado os dados omissos. Em seguida, usamos o software de acesso livre para analisar dados do mundo real, a Prova Brasil 2017, para várias unidades da federação, e documentamos como pressuposto de dados omissos completamente aleatórios pode afetar os resultados estatísticos, as interpretações e implicações subsequentes para políticas e práticas. Concluímos com sugestões diretas para qualquer pesquisador de educação sobre a aplicação de rotinas R para realizar o teste de hipóteses de dados omissos completamente aleatórios e, se a hipótese nula for rejeitada, como implementar a imputação múltipla, que parece ser um dos métodos mais apropriados para manipular dados ausentes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Casi todos los estudios cuantitativos en evaluación, evaluación e investigación educativa se basan en conjuntos de datos incompletos, que han sido un problema desde hace años sin solución única. El uso de grandes datos identificables presenta nuevos desafíos para manejar los valores ausentes. En la primera parte de este artículo, presentamos el estado del arte del tópico en la literatura científica educativa brasileña y cómo los investigadores han tratado los datos omisos. A continuación, utilizamos el software de acceso libre para analizar datos del mundo real, la Prueba Brasil 2017, para varias unidades de la federación, y documentamos cómo la asunción de datos omisos completamente aleatorios puede afectar los resultados estadísticos, las interpretaciones e implicaciones subsecuentes para políticas y prácticas. Concluimos con sugerencias directas para cualquier investigador de educación sobre la aplicación de rutinas R para realizar la prueba de hipótesis de datos omisos completamente aleatorios y, si la hipótesis nula es rechazada, cómo implementar la imputación múltiple, que parece ser uno de los métodos más apropiados para manipular datos ausentes.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Prova Brasil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Missing data]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[R]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Multiple imputation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Prova Brasil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Dados omissos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[R]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Imputação múltipla]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Prueba Brasil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Datos omisos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[R]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Imputación múltiple]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ALVES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SOARES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[XAVIER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Índice socioeconômico das escolas de educação básica brasileiras]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>84</numero>
<issue>84</issue>
<page-range>671-703</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Rio de Janeiro ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BARTHOLO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[COSTA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evidence of a school composition effect in Rio de Janeiro public schools]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>92</numero>
<issue>92</issue>
<page-range>498-521</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Rio de Janeiro ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BEAUJEAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[R Package for Baylor University Educational Psychology quantitative courses]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[COX]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Working with missing data in Higher Education research: a primer and real-world example]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Review of Higher Education]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>377-402</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Baltimore ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DIGGLE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Statistics: a data science for the 21st century]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>178</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>793-813</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FERRÃO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PRATA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Computing topics on multiple imputation in Big Identifiable Data using R: an application to educational research]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MISRA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Computer science and its applications]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>12-24</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer Cham]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FOLEY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GOLDSTEIN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Measuring success: league tables in the public sector]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[British Academy]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FONSECA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[NAMEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mineração em bases de dados do Inep: uma análise exploratória para nortear melhorias no sistema educacional brasileiro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educação em Revista]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>133-57</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Belo Horizonte ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GELMAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Missing data imputation and model checking]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[IBRAHIM]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Missing-data methods for generalized linear models: a comparative review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the American Statistical Association]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<numero>469</numero>
<issue>469</issue>
<page-range>332-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTUDOS E PESQUISAS EDUCACIONAIS ANÍSIO TEIXEIRA - Inep</collab>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Rio de Janeiro ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[KLEIN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Utilização da teoria de resposta ao item no Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Básica (Saeb)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>40</numero>
<issue>40</issue>
<page-range>283-96</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Rio de Janeiro ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LAVANYA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[REDDY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. S. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[REDDY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Distributed based serial regression multiple imputation for high dimensional multivariate data in multicore environment of cloud]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Ambient Computing and Intelligence]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>63-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LITTLE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A test of missing completely at random for multivariate data with missing values]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the American Statistical Association]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<numero>404</numero>
<issue>404</issue>
<page-range>1198-202</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MORGANSTEIN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WASSERSTEIN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ASA statement on value-added models]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Statistics and Public Policy]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>108-10</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Philadelphia ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[OLIVEIRA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CARVALHO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Public school management, leadership, and educational results in Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira de Educação]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Rio de Janeiro ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PAMPAKA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HUTCHESON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WILLIAMS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Handling missing data: Analysis of a challenging data set using multiple imputation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Research &amp; Method in Education]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>19-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PEUGH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ENDERS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Missing data in educational research: a review of reporting practices and suggestions for improvement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review of Educational Research]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>525-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PONTES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SOARES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Volatilidade dos resultados de proficiências e seu impacto sobre as metas do IDEB nas escolas públicas de Minas Gerais]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educação em Revista]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>e153262</numero>
<issue>e153262</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Belo Horizonte ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RUBIN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Wiley]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SAMEJIMA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Graded response model]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LINDEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HAMBLETON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook of modern item response theory]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<page-range>85-100</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SCHLOMER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BAUMAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CARD]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Best practices for missing data management in counseling psychology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Counseling Psychology]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SHLOMO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GOLDSTEIN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Editorial: Big data in social research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>178</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>787-90</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>SOCIEDADE PORTUGUESA DE ESTATÍSTICA</collab>
<collab>ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE ESTATÍSTICA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Glossário inglês-português de estatística]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VINHA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LAROS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dados ausentes em avaliações educacionais: comparação de métodos de tratamento]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudos em Avaliação Educacional]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<month>a</month>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>70</numero>
<issue>70</issue>
<page-range>156-87</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WELLS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;How we know what we know&#8221;: a systematic comparison of research methods employed in higher education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Higher Education]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>171-95</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WILKINSON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<collab>APA BOARD OF SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Statistical methods in Psychology journals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Psychologist]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>594-604</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
