<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1516-7313</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ciência & Educação]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ciência educ.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1516-7313</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1516-73132004000300008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Pesquisas sobre a febre amarela (1881-1903): uma reflexão visando contribuir para o ensino de ciências]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bastos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krasilchik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Myriam]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A08">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Estadual Paulista  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A08">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de São Paulo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>03</numero>
<fpage>417</fpage>
<lpage>442</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1516-73132004000300008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1516-73132004000300008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1516-73132004000300008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[O presente artigo focaliza episódios históricos relacionados à pesquisa médica acerca da febre amarela (1881-1903), buscando discutir (a) a influência que os fatores econômicos, sociais e políticos exercem sobre a pesquisa científica; (b) o caráter coletivo, controvertido e não-linear do processo de produção de conhecimentos na ciência; (c) a natureza arbitrária dos conhecimentos científicos, no sentido de que representam “formas de ver”, e não são perenes ou elaborados apenas sobre bases racionais; (d) o papel pouco cabal desempenhado pelas demonstrações experimentais, que não se mostram “irrefutáveis”; e (e) o papel desempenhado pelos paradigmas, que conduzem não apenas a caminhos frutíferos, mas também a becos sem saída. O intuito é proporcionar subsídios que sejam úteis tanto aos pesquisadores como aos professores que atuam na área do Ensino de Ciências.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[This paper focuses on historical episodes related to medical research concerning yellow fever (1881-1903), and attempts to discuss (a) the influence that economic, social and political factors exert on scientific research; (b) the collective, polemical and nonlinear nature of the process of production of knowledge in science; (c) the arbitrary characteristic of scientific knowledge, in that it represents “a certain point of view”, and it’s not perennial or elaborated exclusively on objective grounds; (d) the limited role played by experimental demonstrations, that are not “irrefutable”; and finally (e) the role played by paradigms, that lead not only to fruitful ways, but also to dead-ends. The intention is to provide suggestionss that are useful both to the science education researchers and teachers.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[História da Ciência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Ensino de Ciências]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Febre Amarela]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[History of Science]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Science Education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Yellow Fever]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> <h2>Pesquisas  sobre a febre amarela (1881-1903): uma reflex&atilde;o visando contribuir para o ensino  de ci&ecirc;ncias.</h2> <h3>Research on yellow fever (1881-1903): a reflexion  aiming to contribute to science education.</h3>     <p>&nbsp;</p> <h4>Fernando  Bastos, Myriam Krasilchik</h4> </font>      ]]></body>
</article>
