<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1517-9702</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Educação e Pesquisa]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Educ. Pesqui.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1517-9702</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1517-97022023000100311</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/s1678-4634202349267866esp</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Análisis de la competencia digital de futuros profesionales de la educación en tiempos de pandemia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Analysing the digital competence of future education professionals in times of pandemics]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magaña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ernesto Colomo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vicente Gabarda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ariza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrea Cívico]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monzonís]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nuria Cuevas]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Málaga  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Málaga ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Valencia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Valencia ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Internacional de Valencia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Valencia ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>49</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1517-97022023000100311&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1517-97022023000100311&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1517-97022023000100311&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumo La pandemia ha conllevado cambios sustanciales en diferentes ámbitos, incluido el educativo. En este supuso, entre otras cosas, el cambio de una modalidad presencial a una modalidad en línea o híbrida en la educación superior, convirtiendo a la tecnología en el medio necesario para continuar con el proceso formativo. La competencia digital del alumnado se convertía, de manera directa, en una pieza clave del propio proceso, una cuestión especialmente relevante en el caso de los futuros docentes, llamados a desarrollar no solamente sus propias destrezas, sino también las del alumnado. Bajo esta perspectiva, este artículo trata de analizar la evolución de la competencia digital del alumnado del Grado en Educación Primaria y Pedagogía de la Universidad de Málaga a raíz del cambio de modalidad motivado por la pandemia. Se atiende, de manera específica, al sexo y la titulación como posibles variables condicionantes del nivel de habilidades tecnológicas. Se utiliza para ello un cuestionario validado orientado de manera explícita a evaluar el nivel de competencia digital de futuros docentes con un enfoque cuasiexperimental de pretest-postest. Los resultados muestran que sí hay una evolución en las destrezas tecnológicas del alumnado, siendo los hombres y, específicamente aquellos estudiantes que habían cursado previamente alguna asignatura con contenidos de tecnología de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), quienes muestran un mayor nivel de competencia digital.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The pandemic has brought about significant changes in a variety of areas, including education. In this field, it meant, among other things, the change from a face-to-face mode to an online or hybrid approach in higher education, making technology the necessary means to continue with the training process. The digital competence of students became, in a direct way, a key part of the process itself, a particularly relevant issue in the case of future teachers, called upon to develop not only their own skills, but also those of their students. From this perspective, this article aims to analyse the evolution of the digital competence of students of Primary Education Teaching and Pedagogy at the University of Malaga because of the change of modality caused by the pandemic. Specific attention is paid to gender and degree as possible conditioning variables of the level of technological skills. We use a validated questionnaire explicitly aimed at assessing the level of digital competence of future teachers with a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest approach. The results show that there is an evolution in the technological skills of the students, with men and, specifically, those students who had previously studied a subject with Information and Communications Technology (ICT) content, showing a higher level of digital competence.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Competencia digital]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Formación del profesorado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Educación superior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Covid-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Pandemia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Digital competence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Teacher training]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Higher education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pandemics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Covid-19]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AGÜERO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mercedes]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Perception of professors regarding the transition to emergency remote teaching in a large public university in Mexico during the pandemic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educação e Pesquisa]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AGUILAR]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ángel Ignacio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Covid-19 y competencia digital: percepción del nivel en futuros profesionales de la educación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hachetetepé]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<numero>24</numero>
<issue>24</issue>
<page-range>1-14</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cádiz ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ALCALÁ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María José]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SANTOS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LEIVA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan José]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Competencias digitales en el proceso formativo de futuros profesionales de la educación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista d&#8217;Innovació Docent Universitària]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>22-31</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ALTUNA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jon]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estudio de los espacios profesionales actuales de la Pedagogía: la voz del alumnado y de los profesionales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Teoría de la Educación]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1-21</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Salamanca ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BUTCHER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Neil]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Marco de competencias docentes en materia de TIC]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[París ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Unesco]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CABERO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development of the teacher digital competence validation of digcompedu check-in questionnaire in the university context of andalusia (Spain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sustainability]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>15</numero>
<issue>15</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Basel ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CABERO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Validación del cuestionario de competencia digital para futuros maestros mediante ecuaciones estructurales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bordón]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>45-63</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CABERO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Classification models in the digital competence of higher education teachers based on the DigCompEdu Framework: Logistic regression and segment tree]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of E-Learning and Knowledge Society]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>49-61</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Modena ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CABERO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Teachers&#8217; digital competence to assist students with functional diversity: Identification of factors through logistic regression methods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[British Journal of Educational Technology]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>41-57</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CABERO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ROMERO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosalía]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PALACIOS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of teacher digital competence frameworks through expert judgement: The use of the expert competence coefficient]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>275-93</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Alicante ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CARRETERO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stephanie]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VUORIKARI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Riina]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PUNIE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yves]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[DigComp 2.1: the digital competence framework for citizens with eight proficiency levels and examples of use]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Luxemburgo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Office of the European Union]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>COMISIÓN EUROPEA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Recomendación 2006/962/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 18 de diciembre de 2006, sobre las competencias clave para el aprendizaje permanente]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Luxemburgo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea, Luxemburgo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>COMISIÓN EUROPEA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Recomendación 2018/C 189/01 del Consejo de 22 de mayo de relativa a las competencias clave para el aprendizaje permanente]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Luxemburgo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CROMPTON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Helen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[ISTE standards for educators: a guide for teachers and other professionals]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Virginia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[International Society for Technology in Education]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DÍAZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La relación entre las competencias TIC, el uso de las TIC y los enfoques de aprendizaje en alumnado universitario de educación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Investigación Educativa]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>549-66</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Murcia ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DOMINGO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fomentando la competencia digital docente en la universidad: Percepción de estudiantes y docentes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Investigación Educativa]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>167-82</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Murcia ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ESTEVE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francesc Marc]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LLOPIZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Ángeles]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ADELL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jordi]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nueva visión de la competencia digital docente en tiempos de pandemia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Utopía y praxis Lationamericana]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>96</numero>
<issue>96</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Maracaibo ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FLORES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ROIG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosabel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Percepción de estudiantes de pedagogía sobre el desarrollo de su competencia digital a lo largo de su proceso formativo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Pedagógicos]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>129-48</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Valdivia ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GABARDA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vicente]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Competencias clave, competencia digital y formación del profesorado: percepción de los estudiantes de pedagogía]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Profesorado]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>7-27</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Granada ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GABARDA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vicente]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Future teachers facing the use of technology for inclusion: a view from the digital competence]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Education and Information Technologies]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GABARDA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vicente]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RODRÍGUEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MORENO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Dolores]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La competencia digital en estudiantes de magisterio. Análisis competencial y percepción personal del futuro maestro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educatio Siglo XXI]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>253-74</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Murcia ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GALLEGO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[TORRES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Norma]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PESSOA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Teresa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Competence of future teachers in the digital security area]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comunicar]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<page-range>57-67</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Huelva ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GARCÍA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Blanca]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[COCA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Romay]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MESQUITA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La perspectiva del profesorado en un escenario de pandemia desafiante]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aula Abierta]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>181-90</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oviedo ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GARCÍA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco José]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CORELL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfredo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La Covid-19: ¿Enzima de la transformación digital de la docencia o reflejo de una crisis metodológica y competencial en la educación superior?&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Campus Virtuales]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>83-98</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Alicante ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GONZÁLEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consecuencias y uso de las TIC antes y después del coronavirus: un estudio piloto]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista INFAD de Psicología. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>211-20</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Badajoz ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GRANDE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Competencia digital: docentes en formación y resolución de problemas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educar]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>381-96</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GRANDE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CAÑÓN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ruth]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GARCÍA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sheila]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Digital security, how do teachers in training perceived themselves?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IJERI: International Journal of Educational Research and Innovation]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<page-range>262-75</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Sevilla ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HERRERA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Elaboración y validación de cuestionario sobre la enseñanza y aprendizaje en educación remota]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educação e Pesquisa]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HODGES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Charles]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educause Review]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Denver ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>INTEF</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Tecnologías Educativas y Formación del Profesorado. Marco común de competencia digital docente]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Intef]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>ISTE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[International Society for Technology in Education. National educational technology standards for teachers]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Virginia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ISTE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MARÍN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CUEVAS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nuria]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GABARDA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vicente]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Competencia digital ciudadana: análisis de tendencias en el ámbito educativo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Iberoamericana de Educación a Distancia]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>329-49</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MARÍN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GABARDA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vicente]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RAMÓN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús Adrián]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis de la competencia digital en el futuro profesorado a través de un diseño mixto]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Educación a Distancia]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>70</numero>
<issue>70</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Murcia ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MORENO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio José]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estado de la competencia digital docente en las distintas etapas educativas desde un alcance internacional]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Espacios]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PORTILLO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ROMERO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ainara]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[TEJADA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eneko]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Competencia digital docente en el País Vasco durante la pandemia del Covid-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Latinoamericana de Tecnología Educativa]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>57-73</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cáceres ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[POZO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Santiago]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis correlacional de los factores incidentes en el nivel de competencia digital del profesorado]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Electrónica]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>143-59</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Murcia ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[REDECKER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christine]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PUNIE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yves]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Digital competence of educators DigCompEdu]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Luxemburgo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Office of the European Union]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ROMERO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Retos en educación superior ante nuevos escenarios docentes durante la pandemia de la Covid-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educação e Pesquisa]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ROSENTHAL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[COOPER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Harris]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HEDGES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Larry Vernon]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Parametric measures of effect size]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Handbook of Research Ssynthesis]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>621</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>231-44</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Newa York ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[TORRES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La competencia digital de los futuros docentes de secundaria y su mejora a partir de la formación específica en TIC]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ROIG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosabel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La docencia en la snseñanza superior: nuevas aportaciones desde la investigación e innovación educativas]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>445-53</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Octaedro]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>UNESCO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura. Competency standards modules: ICT competency standards for teachers]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[París ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Unesco]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ZUBILLAGA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ainara]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CORTAZAR]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lucas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Covid-19 y educación: problemas, respuestas y escenarios]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación Cotec]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
