<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1646-933x</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Educação, Formação e Tecnologias]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Educ. Form. Tecnol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1646-933x</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Educom - Associação Portuguesa de Telemática Educativa]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1646-933x2008000100009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Uma proposta para ajudar alunos com dificuldades na aprendizagem inicial de programação de computadores]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anabela]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henriques]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joana]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[António José]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A09">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Coimbra Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra; Centro de Informática e Sistemas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A09">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Coimbra Centro de Informática e Sistemas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>01</volume>
<numero>01</numero>
<fpage>93</fpage>
<lpage>103</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1646-933x2008000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1646-933x2008000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1646-933x2008000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo: Os elevados níveis de insucesso em disciplinas onde são ensinados os conceitos mais básicos de programação, em qualquer grau e sistema de ensino, é um problema universal que tem sido alvo de variadas pesquisas, resultando também em diversificados sistemas, sem que contudo o panorama tenha melhorado significativamente. Na nossa óptica existe um conjunto de razões que estão na origem do problema, nomeadamente, métodos de ensino e aprendizagem desadequados, falta de vários tipos de competências por parte dos alunos, em particular no que respeita à resolução de problemas, a difícil natureza do tema e uma forte conotação negativa que lhe está associada. Porém, pensamos que as metodologias tradicionalmente utilizadas para aprender/ensinar estes assuntos não se revelam suficientes, pelo que é apresentada uma nova proposta, centrada na actividade de resolução de problemas, de acordo com o nível cognitivo do aluno e os seus estilos preferenciais de aprendizagem.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: The high failure rate in introductory programming courses, where basic programming concepts are taught, is a universal problem that has motivated several authors to investigate the causes of those difficulties. Several tools have been proposed to help students learn programming. Although some of these tools have been reported to have a positive effect in student learning, the problem remains almost the same. From our point of view there are several reasons that cause that problem. We consider that the study and teaching methods are not suitable, the students lack previous preparation on problem solving. We also consider that the nature of the subject is complex and that students have lack of motivation in studying for these subjects. We think that the traditional methodologies to teach and learn these subjects are not enough nor appropriate. So we propose a new tool, focused on problem solving, providing a set of suitable activities according to the students’ cognitive needs and knowledge level, also supporting students with different backgrounds and learning styles.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Ensino e Aprendizagem da Programação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Estilos de Aprendizagem]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Psicologia da Programação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Programming Learning]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Learning Styles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Psychology of Programming]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> <h2>Uma  proposta para ajudar alunos com dificuldades na aprendizagem inicial de programa&ccedil;&atilde;o  de computadores.</h2>     <p>&nbsp;</p> <h4>Anabela  Gomes, Joana Henriques, Ant&oacute;nio Jos&eacute; Mendes    <br> </h4> </font>      ]]></body>
</article>
