<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1981-5271</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Bras. Educ. Med.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1981-5271</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Associação Brasileira de Educação Médica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1981-52712019000300155</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/1981-52712015v43n2rb20180230</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Peer Instruction-Based Feedback Sessions Improve the Retention of Knowledge in Medical Students]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Feedback Baseado em &#8220;Peer Instruction&#8221; Melhora a Retenção de Conhecimento em Estudantes de Medicina]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Passeri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Silvia Maria Riceto Ronchim]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eric]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Estadual de Campinas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Campinas São Paulo]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Harvard Universit  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Massachussetts ]]></addr-line>
<country>United States</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>155</fpage>
<lpage>162</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1981-52712019000300155&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1981-52712019000300155&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1981-52712019000300155&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Peer Instruction (PI) is an interactive teaching-learning process between colleagues and has been applied in various universities throughout the world. This active teaching methodology improves students&#8217; performance and their capacity to resolve problems when they perform activities with their study colleagues. There are no systematic studies about the use of PI in assessment feedback. The aim of our study is to identify whether the use of PI on assessment feedback improves the retention of basic concepts in medical programs. For this study 226 undergraduate students (Y2 = 115, Y3 = 111) enrolled in a Brazilian medical school were invited to participate. After taking the regular exam (RE), the students of the control group (125) could individually receive feedback (review of the exam) from the professor according to the course routine, and the students in the study group (101) were invited to participate in an immediate intervention after the RE with a feedback developed session using the peer instruction teaching method. At the conclusion of the feedback session, the students again answered the post-feedback exam (PFE) so that we could identify any changes in the answers compared with the regular exam taken before feedback and 6 months later, we applied a diagnostic exam (DE) of identify whether the students retained the concepts covered in the previous exams. The control and study groups are statistically significantly different in the RE (p = 0.0014) and DE (p &lt; 0.000). The study group demonstrated better performance in both exams than the control group. When we gave feedback, using PI immediately after the exam, retention of basic science knowledge jumped to 39%, increasing by 15%. The students that had assessment feedback had the opportunity to discuss their misconceptions. These students had the highest number of correct answers with assimilate knowledge and fewer assimilation of wrong answers, therefore, students who received immediate feedback had less tendency to make the same conceptual errors. PI in the feedback was effective in improving retention of basic science knowledge.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO Instrução de pares (PI) é um processo interativo de ensino-aprendizagem entre os estudantes e tem sido aplicado em várias universidades em todo o mundo. Essa metodologia de ensino ativa melhora o desempenho dos alunos e sua capacidade de resolver problemas quando realizam atividades com seus colegas. Não há estudos sistemáticos sobre o uso de PI no feedback da avaliação. O objetivo do nosso estudo é identificar se o uso do PI no feedback da avaliação melhora a retenção de conceitos básicos em educação médica. Foram convidados a participar deste estudo 226 estudantes de graduação (segundo ano = 115, terceiro ano = 111) matriculados em uma escola de Medicina no Brasil. Após o exame regular (ER), os alunos do grupo controle (125) poderiam solicitar a revisão de prova de acordo com a rotina do curso, e os alunos do grupo de estudo (101) foram convidados a participar de uma intervenção imediata após o ER com uma sessão de feedback usando-se o método de ensino por instrução de pares. No final do feedback, os alunos responderam novamente ao exame pós-feedback (PFE) para que pudéssemos identificar quaisquer alterações nas respostas em comparação ao exame regular feito antes do feedback. Após seis meses, aplicamos um exame de diagnóstico (DE) para identificar se os alunos mantiveram os conceitos abordados nos exames anteriores. O desempenho dos estudantes dos grupos controle e estudo são estatisticamente diferentes no RE (p = 0,0014) e no DE (p &lt; 0,000). O grupo de estudo demonstrou melhor desempenho em ambos os exames do que o grupo controle. Com a sessão de feedback, usando-se PI imediatamente após o exame, a retenção do conhecimento básico foi de 39%, aumentando em 15%. Os alunos que tiveram feedback de avaliação tiveram a oportunidade de discutir suas dificuldades. Esses alunos apresentaram o maior número de respostas corretas assimiladas e menor assimilação de respostas erradas. Portanto, os alunos que receberam feedback imediato apresentaram menor tendência a cometer os mesmos erros conceituais da primeira avaliação. PI no feedback foi eficaz em melhorar a retenção de conhecimentos básicos em estudantes de Medicina.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[&#8211;Peer Instruction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[&#8211;Medical education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[&#8211;Feedback]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[&#8211;Instrução pelos colegas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[&#8211;Educação Médica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[&#8211;Feedback]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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