<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1984-5987</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Childhood & Philosophy]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[child.philo]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1984-5987</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1984-59872021000100217</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12957/childphilo.2021.53655</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[the story circle as a practice of democratic, critical inquiry]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[el círculo historias como práctica de investigación democrática y crítica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[o círculo de histórias como uma prática de investigação democrática e crítica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fletcher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[natalie m.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gregory]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[maughn rollins]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[shea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[peter]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[sykes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ariel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,université de montréal  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>canada</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,montclair state university  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>united states of america</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,independent scholar  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>united states of america</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,kent place school ethics institute ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>united states of america</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1984-59872021000100217&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1984-59872021000100217&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1984-59872021000100217&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[abstract The authors of this essay have been committed practitioners and teachers of Philosophy for Children in a variety of educational settings, from pre-schools through university doctoral programs and in adult community and religious education programs. The promotion of critical thinking has always been a primary goal of this movement. But communal practices of critical thinking need to include other kinds of democratic conversation that prompt us to see others as full-fledged persons and to be curious about how our being in community with them makes growth and self-correction possible. As we continue to experiment and innovate in new contexts we see ourselves continuing the inquiry around expanding the inclusivity of conversations about basic human concerns. In this essay we describe an inclusive strategy called the story circle, that was first developed as a method of popular education in Denmark and was then adapted as a tool of social change among poor and dis-empowered American citizens in Appalachia. Story circles were later utilized in a philosophical living-learning community and most recently coupled with Lipman and Sharp&#8217;s dialogue method of the community of philosophical inquiry (CPI). The authors of this paper have combined story circles with the community of philosophical inquiry in a variety of contexts. In each iteration, telling one&#8217;s own story and listening carefully to the stories of others can be equally revelatory actions.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[resumen Los autores de este ensayo han sido comprometidos practicantes y maestros de Filosofía para Niñxs en una variedad de ambientes educativos, desde preescolares hasta programas de doctorado universitario y de educación comunitaria y religiosa para adultos. La promoción del pensamiento crítico siempre ha sido un objetivo primordial de este movimiento. Pero las prácticas comunales de pensamiento crítico necesitan incluir otros tipos de conversación democrática que nos inciten a ver a las demás como personas de pleno derecho y a tener curiosidad sobre cómo nuestro estar en comunidad con ellos hace posible el crecimiento y la auto-corrección. A medida que continuamos experimentando e innovando en nuevos contextos nos vemos continuando la investigación sobre la expansión de la inclusividad de las conversaciones sobre las preocupaciones humanas básicas. En este ensayo describimos una estrategia inclusiva llamada círculo de historias, que se desarrolló primero como un método de educación popular en Dinamarca y luego se adaptó como una herramienta de cambio social entre los ciudadanos norteamericanos pobres y desempoderados en los Apalaches. Los círculos de historias se utilizaron más tarde en una comunidad de aprendizaje filosófico vivencial y, más recientemente, se combinó con el método de diálogo de Lipman y Sharp de la comunidad de investigación filosófica. Los autores de este artículo han combinado los círculos de historias con la comunidad de investigación filosófica en una diversidad de contextos. En cada iteración, contar la propia historia y escuchar atentamente las historias de los demás pueden ser acciones igualmente reveladoras.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[resumo Os autores deste ensaio têm sido praticantes e professores comprometidos de Filosofia para Crianças em uma variedade de ambientes educacionais, desde pré-escolas até programas de doutorado universitário e de educação religiosa e comunitária para adultos. A promoção do pensamento crítico sempre foi um objetivo primordial deste movimento. Mas as práticas comuns de pensamento crítico precisam incluir outros tipos de conversação democrática que nos induzam a ver os outros como pessoas plenamente desenvolvidas e a ter curiosidade sobre como o fato de estarmos em comunidade com elas torna o crescimento e a autocorreção possíveis. À medida que continuamos a experimentar e inovar em novos contextos, nos vemos continuando a investigação em torno da expansão da inclusão das conversas sobre as preocupações humanas básicas. Neste ensaio, descrevemos uma estratégia inclusiva chamada de círculo de histórias, que foi desenvolvida pela primeira vez como um método de educação popular na Dinamarca e depois adaptada como uma ferramenta de mudança social entre cidadãos norteamericanos pobres e sem poder nos Apalaches. Os círculos de histórias foram posteriormente utilizados em uma comunidade de aprendizagem filosófica vivencial e, mais recentemente, combinados com o método de diálogo de Lipman e Sharp da comunidade de investigação filosófica (CPI). Os autores deste artigo combinaram círculos de histórias com a comunidade de investigação filosófica em diversos contextos. Em cada iteração, contar a própria história e ouvir atentamente as histórias de outras pessoas podem ser ações igualmente reveladoras.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[philosophy for children]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[community of philosophical inquiry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[story circle]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[democracy.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[filosofía para niñxs]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comunidad de investigación filosófica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[círculo de historias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[democracia.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[filosofia para crianças]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[comunidade de investigação filosófica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[círculo de histórias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[democracia.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouchard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Éthique et culture religieuse à l&#8217;école]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Québec, QC ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Presses de l&#8217;Université du Québec]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouchard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daniel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.-F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Penser le dialogue en éducation éthique]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Québec, QC ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Presses de l&#8217;Université du Québec]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burdick-Shepherd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cammarano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gareth B. Matthews on the child as philosopher]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gregory]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maughn Rollins]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laverty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Megan Jane]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gareth B. Matthews, The Child&#8217;s Philosopher]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<page-range>87-104</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dewey, Lipman, and the Tradition of Reflective Education]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pragmatism, Education and Children]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<page-range>163-81</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Amsterdam ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editions Rodopi]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chetty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Racism as &#8216;Reasonableness&#8217;: Philosophy for Children and the Gated Community of Inquiry]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ethics and Education]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>39-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ready from Within: A First Person Narrative]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Trenton, NJ ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Africa World Press, Inc]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuenmayor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La comunidad de investigación y la formación de ciudadanos: Consideraciones a partir del pensamiento de Matthew Lipman y Paulo Freire]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Telos]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morehouse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Liberation Philosophy and the Development of Communities of Inquiry: A Critical Evaluation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Analytic Teaching and Philosophical Praxis]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dewey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Creative democracy: The task before us]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boydston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[John Dewey: The later works, 1925-1953]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<page-range>224-30</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Carbondale ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Southern Illinois University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dotson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kristie]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Cautionary Tale: On Limiting Epistemic Oppression]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>24-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Englund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A Living Education: An Approach for the 21st Century]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Minneapolis ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Minnesota]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ennis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Critical thinking: A streamlined conception]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davies]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barnett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Palgrave handbook of critical thinking in higher education]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>31-47</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fletcher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Shared autonomous reasoning: Interpretations of Habermasian discourse for the Community of Philosophical Inquiry]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Analytic Teaching and Philosophical Praxis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>46-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fletcher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Destabilizing stereotyped concepts in childhood]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prospects: Comparative Journal of Curriculum, Learning and Assessment]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>182</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fletcher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Underestimated no more: An introduction to Philocreation]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Growing Up with Philosophy Camp]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>65-86</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lanham, MD ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Rowman and Littlefield]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Toward a Critical Philosophy for Children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[de la]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teresa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Freire, Lipman and Sharp: An Educational Dialogue. An Interview with Maria Teresa de la Garza. Interviewed by M.R. Gregory and L.M. Laverty]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glaser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gareth B. Matthews&#8217; philosophy of psychology]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gregory]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maughn Rollins]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laverty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Megan Jane]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gareth B. Matthews, The Child&#8217;s Philosopher]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<page-range>165-85</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gregory]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Practicing democracy: Social intelligence and philosophical practice]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The International Journal of Applied Philosophy]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>161-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gregory]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Philosophy for Children and Children&#8217;s Philosophical Thinking]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pagès]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A History of Western Philosophy of Education in the Contemporary Landscape]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<page-range>153-77</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Bloomsbury Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gregory]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laverty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[In Community of Inquiry with Ann Margaret Sharp: Philosophy, Childhood and Education]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gregory]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laverty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gareth B. Matthews: The Child&#8217;s Philosopher]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goodwin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duranti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rethinking Context: Language as an Interactive Phenomenon]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, MA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<given-names><![CDATA[Highlander Folk School]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Five Plays About Labor]]></source>
<year>1939</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Monteagle, TN ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Highlander Folk School]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Long Haul: An Autobiography]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Teachers College Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influences on Highlander Research and Education Center, New Market, Tennessee, USA]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dale]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Myles Horton Reader: Education for Social Change]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Knoxville ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Tennessee Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaventa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[We Make the Road by Walking: Conversations on Education and Social Change]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Philadelphia, PA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Temple University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moyers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Adventures of a Radical Hillbilly: An Interview with Myles Horton]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Appalachian Journal]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>248-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[James]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Talks to Teachers on Psychology]]></source>
<year>1916</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Henry Holt and Company]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kizel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enabling Identity: The Challenge of Presenting the Silenced Voices of Repressed Groups in Philosophic Communities of Inquiry]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Philosophy in Schools]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<month>a</month>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>16-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kizel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[From Laboratory to Praxis: Communities of Philosophical Inquiry as a Model of (and for) Social Activism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Childhood and Philosophy]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<month>b</month>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>25</numero>
<issue>25</issue>
<page-range>497-517</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kohan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Paulo Freire and Philosophy for Children: A Critical Dialogue]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Studies in Philosophy and Education]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>615-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lipman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Philosophy for children and critical thinking]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[National Forum]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>18-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lipman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Critical thinking: what can it be?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educational Leadership]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>38-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lipman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unreasonable people and inappropriate judgment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inquiry: Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>18-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lipman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thinking in community.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inquiry: Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>6-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lipman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Contributions of Philosophy to Deliberative Democracy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Owens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kucuradi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teaching Philosophy on the Eve of the Twenty-First Century]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<page-range>6-29</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ankara ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[International Federation of Philosophical Societies]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lipman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Thinking in education]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, MA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lipman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A Life Teaching Thinking.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Montclair, NJ ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Institute for the Advancement of Philosophy for Children]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lipman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Philosophy for Children: Some Assumptions and Implications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ethics in Progress]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marsilli-Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Listening genres: The emergence of relevance structures through the reception of sound]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Pragmatics]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<page-range>42-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matthews]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Philosophy and the Young Child]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, MA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harvard University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matthews]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Dialogues with Children]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, MA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harvard University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matthews]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Philosophy and Developmental Psychology: Outgrowing the Deficit Conception of Childhood]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siegel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Education]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>163-76</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aldon]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Free Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peirce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Fixation of Belief.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pragmatism: A Reader]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<page-range>7-25</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Vintage]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Preskill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stephen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Education in Black and White: Myles Horton and the Highlander Center&#8217;s Vision for Social Justice]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oakland ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of California Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eli]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[After massive fire at famous civil rights center, officials found a &#8216;white power&#8217; symbol nearby]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Washington Post]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Community of Inquiry: Education for Democracy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hare]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Philosophy of Education: Introduction Readings]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Calgary ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Detselig Enterprises]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Child as Critic]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marsal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dobashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Children Philosophize Worldwide]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>201-8</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Peter Lang]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Philosophy for Children and Learning Circles: How Do We Help People to Want to Be Better?]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thayer-Bacon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Transforming critical thinking: Thinking constructively]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Teachers College Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thayer-Bacon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An Exploration of Myles Horton&#8217;s Democratic Praxis: Highlander Folk School]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educational Foundations Spring]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<page-range>5-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Theoharis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jeanne]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;A Life History of Being Rebellious&#8221;: The Radicalism of Rosa Parks]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Theoharis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woodard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Want to Start a Revolution? Radical Women in the Black Freedom Struggle]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>115-37</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[New York University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wallace]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Correction: Invitation to storytelling learning circle. Workshop announcement]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wallace]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Notes on Learning Circles]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Learning Circles: A Train-the-Trainers Approach]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<page-range>10-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wallace]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Problem of Time: Enabling Students to Make Long-Term Commitments to Community-Based Learning]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>133-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[J. Habermas and the Art of Dialogue: The Practicability of the Ideal Speech Situation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Analytic Teaching and Philosophical Praxis]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[West]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buschendorf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Black Prophetic Fire]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boston ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Beacon Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Communication and the Other: Beyond Deliberative Democracy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benhabib]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Seyla]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Democracy and Difference]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Princeton ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
