<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2178-4612</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Conjectura: Filosofia e Educação]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Conjectura: filos. e Educ.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2178-4612</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidade de Caxias do Sul]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2178-46122019000100016</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18226/21784612.v24.e019018</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Sócrates e a parrhesía- democrática]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Socrates and the democratic Parrhesía-]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Lourenço Pereira da]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universdiade Federal de Santa Maria Departamento de Filosofia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ RS]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>24</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2178-46122019000100016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2178-46122019000100016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2178-46122019000100016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Neste artigo procuro mostrar que, embora Sócrates tenha sido um crítico da democracia ateniense, seu pensamento, como conhecido a partir dos primeiros diálogos de Platão, coaduna-se com os valores fundamentais da cultura democrática de Atenas. Para defender essa interpretação, focalizo um dos princípios mais importantes da democracia grega: a liberdade de expressão. Primeiro, examino o conceito de liberdade de expressão. Esclareço que, no contexto político-democrático, dois termos gregos comunicam dois sentidos conexos mas distintos da liberdade de expressão: isegoría - , que significa a igual oportunidade de todos os cidadãos falarem nas assembleias políticas; e parrhesía - , franqueza, a liberdade para criticar e para uma pessoa dizer a verdade como a vê. Em seguida, trato de três aspectos interligados do pensamento socrático: o método da refutação (elenchos), a noção de &#8220;cuidado de si&#8221; e o ideal da vida examinada, para evidenciar como eles pressupõem ou se assentam no valor da liberdade de expressão. Destaco que é preciso que a pessoa esteja seriamente comprometida a perseguir e exprimir a verdade, para que seja capaz de avaliar suas crenças e livrar-se daquelas que são falsas. Consequentemente, esta pessoa pode prestar conta da própria vida expondo se seu pensamento, discurso e seus atos estão em acordo, assim como ela é capaz de levar a vida, examinada, pondose sob escrutínio e os outros, praticando o pensamento crítico que é essencial para o aperfeiçoamento moral e a formação de um bom cidadão para uma sociedade democrática. Concluo que, na medida em que promove o dizer a verdade, a atitude crítica socrática não é somente coerente com os preceitos básicos do regime democrático, mas também útil à democracia.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In this paper, I seek to show that, although Socrates was a critic of Athenian democracy, his thought, as we know it from Plato&#8217;s early dialogues, is in line with the fundamental values of the democratic culture of Athens. To defend this interpretation, I focus on one of the most important principle of democracy: free speech. Firstly, I go over the concept of freedom of speech. I make it clear that, in the democratic political context, two Greek words convey two connected but distinct meanings of free speech: isegoría, - which means the equal opportunity of all citizens to speak in the political assemblies; and parrhesía - , frank speaking, the freedom to criticize and &#8220;telling the truth as one sees it&#8221;. Thereafter, I deal with three interconnected aspects of the Socratic thought: the method of refutation (elenchos), the notion of &#8220;care of the self&#8221;, and the ideal of the examined life in order to display how these three things presuppose or are based on the value of free speech. I highlight that it is necessary that a person is seriously committed to pursuing and expressing the truth so that she is able to evaluate her beliefs and get rid of the false ones. Accordingly, this person can give an account of her own life by exposing if her thought, speech and acts are in agreement, as well as she is able to lead an examined life, putting herself and the others under scrutiny, practicing critical thinking which is essential for the moral improvement and formation of a good citizen for a democratic society. I conclude that to the extent that it fosters truth-telling, Socratic critical attitude is not only consistent with the basic precepts of the democratic regime, but also capable of enhancing democracy.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Sócrates]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Democracia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Parrhesía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Elenchos -]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Vida examinada]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Socrates]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Democracy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Parrhesía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Elenchos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[- Examined life]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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