<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2236-3459</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[História da Educação]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Hist. Educ.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2236-3459</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Associação Sul-Rio-Grandense de Pesquisadores em História da Educação]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2236-34592015000200041</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/2236-3459/509271</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Meritocracia e os usos da repetência na escola primária pública francesa de 1850 ao início do século 20]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Meritocracy and the uses of school failure in french public elementary school from 1850 to the early twentieth century]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Meritocracia y la utilización de la repetición en la escuela primaria pública francesa de 1850 a comienzos del siglo 20]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Méritocratie et usages du redoublement dans l'école primaire publique française des années 1850 au début du 20e siècle]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krop]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jérôme]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Université Paris IV  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Sorbone FR]]></addr-line>
<country>França</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>46</numero>
<fpage>41</fpage>
<lpage>52</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2236-34592015000200041&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2236-34592015000200041&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2236-34592015000200041&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[O estudo dos usos da repet&#234;ncia no ensino prim&#225;rio franc&#234;s no s&#233;culo 19 revela at&#233; que ponto esta era utilizada para facilitar a aprendizagem dos melhores alunos. Permitindo distinguir a elite escolar destinada ao &#234;xito nos exames que certificavam os estudos prim&#225;rios, a sele&#231;&#227;o em cada etapa do percurso leva a relegar as crian&#231;as com dificuldades &#224;s series iniciais, onde &#233; maior o n&#250;mero de alunos inscritos, junto aos jovens ingressantes. Esta situa&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o ocorre sem efeitos sobre as desigualdades educacionais, mesmo se estas s&#227;o atenuadas pelo esfor&#231;o de moderniza&#231;&#227;o empreendido pelos republicanos a partir dos anos 1880. Persistem, contudo, sob diferentes formas na hist&#243;ria do sistema escolar franc&#234;s.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The study of the uses of the school failure in French primary education in the nineteenth century reveals the extent to which this was used to facilitate the learning of the best students. It differentiates school elite destined for success in exams certifying that the primary studies, the selection at each stage of the journey leads to relegate children with difficulties to the initial series, where a greater number of students enrolled among the youth entrants. This situation is not without effects on educational inequalities, even if they are attenuated by the modernization efforts undertaken by Republicans from the 1880s. It remains, however, in different forms in the history of the French school system.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[El estudio de los usos de la repetici&#243;n en la escuela primaria francesa en el siglo 19 muestra el grado en que &#233;sta es utilizada para facilitar el aprendizaje de los mejores estudiantes. Permitiendo diferenciar la &#233;lite escolar destinada al &#233;xito en los ex&#225;menes que certifican los estudios primarios, la selecci&#243;n en cada una de las etapas del curso lleva a relegar a los ni&#241;os con dificultades en la primera serie, donde hay el mayor n&#250;mero de estudiantes matriculados, junto con los j&#243;venes estudiantes. Esta situaci&#243;n no se produce sin efectos sobre las desigualdades educativas, incluso si estas se ven atenuadas por los esfuerzos de modernizaci&#243;n emprendidos por los republicanos a partir del a&#241;o 1880. Sin embargo, siguen existiendo en diversas formas en la historia del sistema escolar franc&#233;s.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[L'&#233;tude de l'usage du redoublement dans l'enseignement primaire fran&#231;ais au 19e si&#232;cle r&#233;v&#232;le &#224; quel point il est alors employ&#233; pour faciliter les apprentissages des meilleurs &#233;l&#232;ves. En permettant de distinguer l'&#233;lite scolaire destin&#233;e &#224; r&#233;ussir les examens du certificat d'&#233;tudes primaires, la s&#233;lection &#224; chaque &#233;tape du cursus conduit &#224; la rel&#233;gation des enfants en difficult&#233; dans des petites classes aux effectifs plus charg&#233;s et les accueillants ensemble avec de tr&#232;s jeunes d&#233;butants. Cette situation n'est pas sans avoir d'effets sur les in&#233;galit&#233;s scolaires, m&#234;me si ceux-ci sont att&#233;nu&#233;s par l'effort de modernisation entrepris par les r&#233;publicains &#224; partir des ann&#233;es 1880. Ils perdurent n&#233;anmoins sous diff&#233;rentes formes dans l'histoire du syst&#232;me scolaire fran&#231;ais.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[repetência escolar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[França]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[desigualdade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[school failure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[France]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[inequality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tasas de fracaso escolar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Francia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desigualdad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[enseignement]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[France]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[inégalité]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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</article>
