<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2238-8346</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Educação e Políticas em Debate]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Educ. Polít. Debate]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2238-8346</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - Faculdade de Educação - FACED]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2238-83462023000301019</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14393/repod-v12n3a2023-70000</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Ensaio sobre o acesso ao ensino superior: a longa batalha pela inclusão educativa em Portugal]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Ensayo sobre el acceso a la educación superior: la larga batalla por la inclusión educativa en Portugal]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Essay on access to higher education: the long battle for educational inclusion in Portugal]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Capucha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luís]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>1019</fpage>
<lpage>1036</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2238-83462023000301019&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2238-83462023000301019&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://educa.fcc.org.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2238-83462023000301019&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Trava-se há décadas uma batalha pela educação inclusiva que está longe do fim. Neste momento, o foco principal, mas não exclusivo, dessa batalha em Portugal é o ensino superior. Os estudantes com deficiência encontram grandes barreiras quer no acesso, quer no sucesso nas Universidades e Politécnicos portugueses. O desenvolvimento do Estado Providência e da sociedade gerou, nas últimas cinco décadas, profundas mudanças nas condições de vida das pessoas com deficiência e nas políticas públicas que respondem aos seus direitos em Portugal. Apesar desses avanços, subsistem problemas e outros novos vão aparecendo. O foco do presente ensaio incide no funil apertado que se forma na conclusão do ensino secundário e à entrada no ensino superior, apesar de se ter conseguido a conclusão do ensino básico por todos os alunos e a frequência do ensino secundário por quase todos. De facto, o número de estudantes com necessidades educativas especiais tem crescido, mas está muito longe do desejável. Isso não resulta das (in)capacidades dos estudantes, mas da falta de preparação das estruturas e das práticas profissionais nas universidades e nos politécnicos. O desenvolvimento de medidas semelhantes às que consubstanciam o Modelo de Apoio à Vida Independente, cuja avaliação destacou não apenas a sua eficácia, mas também o seu potencial de disseminação, poderia ser o caminho a seguir para ultrapassar parte substancial das barreiras que atualmente se colocam à participação neste nível de educação, a que todos têm direito.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La batalla por la educación inclusiva está ocurriendo hay décadas y está lejos de terminar. Por el momento, el foco principal, pero no exclusivo, de esta batalla en Portugal es la educación superior. Los estudiantes con discapacidad encuentran importantes barreras tanto en términos de acceso como de éxito en las universidades y escuelas politécnicas portuguesas. El desarrollo del Estado del Bienestar y de la sociedad ha generado, en las últimas cinco décadas, profundos cambios en las condiciones de vida de las personas con discapacidad y en las políticas públicas que responden a sus derechos en Portugal. A pesar de estos avances, los problemas persisten y aparecen otros nuevos. El enfoque de este ensayo se centra en el estrecho embudo que se forma al finalizar la educación secundaria y el ingreso a la educación superior, a pesar de que todos los estudiantes han completado la educación básica y en casi su totalidad asistieron a la educación secundaria. De hecho, el número de alumnos con necesidades educativas especiales en el nivel de enseñanza superior ha crecido, pero dista mucho de ser el número deseable. Esto no resulta de las (in)capacidades de los estudiantes, sino de la falta de preparación en las estructuras y prácticas profesionales en universidades y escuelas politécnicas. El desarrollo de medidas similares a las que componen el Modelo de Apoyo a la Vida Independiente, cuya evaluación destacó no solo su eficacia, sino también su potencial de difusión, podría ser el camino a seguir para superar una parte sustancial de las barreras que existen actualmente para la participación en este nivel de educación al que todos tienen derecho.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract A battle for inclusive education has been going on for decades and is far from over. Now, the main, but not exclusive, focus of this battle in Portugal is higher education. Disabled students encounter major barriers both in terms of access and success in Portuguese Universities and Polytechnics. The development of the Welfare State and society has generated, in the last five decades, profound changes in the living conditions of people with disabilities and in the public policies that respond to their rights in Portugal. Despite these advances, problems persist, and new ones appear. The focus of this essay focuses on the bottleneck at the end of secondary education and entry into higher education, despite the fact that all students have completed basic education and almost all of them attended secondary education. In fact, the number of students with special needs has grown, but it is far from desirable. This does not result from the (in)capabilities of the students, but from the lack of preparation in the university structures and professional practices at higher education institutions. The development of measures similar to those that make up the Independent Life Support Model, whose evaluation highlighted not only its effectiveness, but also its dissemination potential, could be the way forward to overcome a substantial part of the barriers that currently exist to the participation in this level of education to which everyone is entitled.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Estudantes com Deficiência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Ensino Especial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Ensino Superior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estudiantes Discapacitados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Educación Especial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Educación Universitária]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Disabled Students]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Special Needs Education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[University Education.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BECK]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wolfgang]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maesen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laurent von der]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Social Quality of Europe]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Haia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Kluwer Law International]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BOURDIEU]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pierre]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PASSERON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jean-Claude]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A Reprodução. Elementos para uma teoria do sistema de ensino]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Veja]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BRANCO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rui]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Proteção Social no Portugal Democrático. Trajetórias de reforma]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CALADO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alexandre]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Capucha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luís]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estêvão]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Welfare State Development in Portugal. From &#8220;stage zero&#8221; to the post-crisis &#8220;feftist&#8221; compromise against austerity&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comparative Sociology]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>658-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CAPUCHA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luís]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Desafios da Pobreza]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oeiras ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Celta Editora]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CAPUCHA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luís]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inovação e Justiça Social: Políticas Ativas para a Inclusão Educativa]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<page-range>25-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CAPUCHA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luís]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Welfare State: too precious to fall]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Divulgação Científica AICA]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>5-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CAPUCHA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luís]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nogueira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Querido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lara]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Avaliação Intercalar do Modelo de Apoio à Vida Independente em Portugal]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CIES-ISCTE e INR/POISE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CORREIA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luís de Miranda]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Educação Especial]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Porto ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Porto Editora]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>DGEEC</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Inquérito às necessidades Especiais de Educação nos Estabelecimentos de Ensino Superior - caracterização da situação educativa de alunos (2018/2019, 2019/2020, 2020/2021, 2021/2022)]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ESPING-ANDERSEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gösta]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Polity Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GUILE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;What is Distinctive About the Knowledge Economy? Implications for Education&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lauder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hugh]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Phillip]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dillabough]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joe-Anne]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halsey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Education, Globalization &amp; Social Change]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>355-66</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LIMA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Benedita de Maia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reaprender a Viver. Trajetórias, aprendizagens e identidades de adultos com deficiência adquirida]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Educação, Universidade de Lisboa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MARSHALL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thomas Humphrey]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Class, Citizenship and Social Development]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Doubleday]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MOZZICAFREDDO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estado Providência e Cidadania em Portugal]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oeiras ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Celta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[NOGUEIRA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[As políticas Públicas e a qualidade de vida das famílias com crianças com autismo: o caso da intervenção precoce na infância]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RODRIGUES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria de Lurdes]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A Escola Pública Pode Fazer a Diferença]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Almedina]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SANTOS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Boaventura Sousa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estado e Sociedade em Portugal (1974-1988)]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Porto ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Afrontamento]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amartya]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Poverty as Capability Deprivation&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lauder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hugh]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Phillip]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dillabough]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joe-Anne]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halsey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Education, Globalization &amp; Social Change]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>949-65</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SILVA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Augusto Santos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Produto Nacional Vivo: uma cultura para o desenvolvimento&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SILVA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Augusto Santos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Atitudes, Valores Culturais, Desenvolvimento]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SEDES]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SOUSA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jerónimo Dias de]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Contributos Para um Modelo de Análise dos Impactos das Intervenções do FSE no Domínio das Pessoas com Deficiência em Portugal]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Gaia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CRPG]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[STIGLITZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joseph E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Charlton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrew]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fair Trade for All: How trade can promote development]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VIEGAS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Manuel Leite]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[António Firmino da]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Portugal, Que Modernidade]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oeiras ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Celta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
