Abstract

GOMES, Angela de Castro. MODERNIZATIONS, MODERNITIES, AND MODERNISM IN REPUBLICAN BRAZIL IN THE EARLY 20^th CENTURY. Hist. Educ. [online]. 2023, vol.27, e132206.  Epub Dec 12, 2023. ISSN 2236-3459.  https://doi.org/10.1590/2236-3459/132206.

This article was written as an opening lecture for the II Encontro de Pensamento Social Brasileiro: 100 years of 1922 and the transformations of modern Brazil. In it, I highlight what I understand to be a political-cultural project of modernization of the country through a “national education," which was explicit in the 1890s, and remained on the agenda in the following decades. For that, I analyze the contributions of three essential authors - José Veríssimo, Gonzaga Duque, and João Ribeiro - working with three of their books, little known but very representative of the thinking of a good part of the intellectual elites of the First Republic. Seeing themselves as bearers of a mission dedicated to overcoming the country's “backwardness," they relativized scientific determinisms (climate and race), defending that public and compulsory education was an effective possibility of nationalizing and modernizing Brazil.

Keywords : Intellectuals; National Education; Modernization.

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