Resumen

GOMES, Angela de Castro. MODERNIZATIONS, MODERNITIES, AND MODERNISM IN REPUBLICAN BRAZIL IN THE EARLY 20^th CENTURY. Hist. Educ. [online]. 2023, vol.27, e132206.  Epub 12-Dic-2023. ISSN 2236-3459.  https://doi.org/10.1590/2236-3459/132206.

This article was written as an opening lecture for the II Encontro de Pensamento Social Brasileiro: 100 years of 1922 and the transformations of modern Brazil. In it, I highlight what I understand to be a political-cultural project of modernization of the country through a “national education," which was explicit in the 1890s, and remained on the agenda in the following decades. For that, I analyze the contributions of three essential authors - José Veríssimo, Gonzaga Duque, and João Ribeiro - working with three of their books, little known but very representative of the thinking of a good part of the intellectual elites of the First Republic. Seeing themselves as bearers of a mission dedicated to overcoming the country's “backwardness," they relativized scientific determinisms (climate and race), defending that public and compulsory education was an effective possibility of nationalizing and modernizing Brazil.

Palabras clave : Intellectuals; National Education; Modernization.

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